A DNA strand reads 5'AATCGTAGTC3'. The adjacent strand should read:

3'AATCGTAGTC5'

3'TTAGCATCAG5'

5'TTAGCATCAG3'

None of the above

All of the above

Regarding protective geochemical barriers:

1) Definition

2) Goal and principle of biogeochemical barrier

3) Goal and principle of chemically reacting barrier

4) Please list groups of the anaerobic bacteria involved in creation of biogeochemical barriers and describe their roles.

5) Mention potential advantages and disadvantages of the geochemical barriers compared with other bioremediation technologies as far as you know.

Biology of Stem Cells:Thanks!

1a: A miRNA regulates its target mRNA by degradation. Let’s assume miRNA-199 targets Blimp1. Which progenitor population in the developing embryo will be affected?

1b:How does this affect your ability to isolate this progenitor pool?

How would you prepare the following solutions? Unless stated otherwise, assume that the solvent is purified water and that you will dissolve the solute in a lesser amount of solvent and then “bring the solution to volume”

CuSO₄ FW 159.61

NaCl FW 58.44

CaCl FW 111.0

Na₂SO₄^. 10H₂O FW 322.04

1. 100 ml of AgNO₃ at 2 g/ml

2. 250 ml of NaCl at 2 mg/ml

3. 0.75 L of CuSO₄ at 50mg/ml

4. 250 ml KCl at 20 mg/ml

5. 50 ml of 0.1% (w/v) AgNO₃

6. 500 ml of 1%( w/v) NaCl

7. 10 ml of 6% (w/v) CuSO₄

8. 200 ml of 2% (w/v) KCl

9. 25ml of 20% (v/v) Methanol

10. 2L of 70% (v/v) Ethanol

11. 10 ml of 0.2% (v/v) DMSO

12. 50 ml of 3% (v/v) Propanol

13. 250 ml 12 mM CuSO4

14. 500 ml 0.25M NaCl

15. 500 ml 25mM CaCl

16. 100 ml 300 mM Na₂SO₄

17.100 ml of 5:3:2 ethylene: chloroform: isoamyl alcohol

18. Convert 50 ppm to g/L

19. Convert 50 ppm to mg/L

20. Convert 5 ppb to ul/l

21. Convert 3 ppm to l/ml

22. Convert 350 ppm to ml/L

23. 300 ppb Cadmium (solid)

Explain why the (Na⁺-K⁺)-ATPase carries out transport in one direction only.

You are charged to treat industrial wastewaters such as tannery wastewater and pulp mill effluents carrying hazardous wastes.

1) How can you enhance the biodegradation of these wastewaters? List all possible options available.

2) What would be a major component of pulp mill effluents? Suggest a microorganism which may be effective in degradation of the major component.

3) What is a possible degradation mechanism for this biodegradation by the microorganism?

Cystic fibrosis is a recessive disorder. If a child comes from two heterozygous parents, what is the chance that the child will have it too?

25%

75%

50%

100%

Explain the detailed process for a cell taking in water from the periphery. What are the dangers associated with taking in water, and how are they overcome?

Describe the process of phagocytosis and the materials involved from the endocytotic event, to the eventual exocytotic event. In the case of a phagocytosed pathogen, in which step is the pathogen most likely destroyed?

How were core promoter elements identified?

How would you do this in a new organ

Manipulations of DNA often require the addition of magnesium. Why ?

16. For each of the following, what would happen if the listed junction didn’t exist? (tow sentence each)

1. Adherens

2. Desmosomes

3. Hemidesmosomes

4. Tight

5. Gap