Choose a disease

Formulate a researched, detailed and college level answer for the following:

What are nosocomial infections?

In your research, what are some popular nosocomial infections?

What are protocols set in place to prevent nosocomial infections?

No hand written/cursive answers please!

On the CDC web site view the vaccines listed in the section "Vaccines by disease". a) Which of the different pathogen groups have the most vaccines (routine and non-routine vaccines)? b) What are the types of vaccine formulations available, e. g. heat killed, activated, recombinant, whole, polysaccharide etc.? c) What is your reaction to the list of vaccines? d) What vaccines are available for parasites in routine use or in clinical trials? (check the CDC and WHO web sites for vaccines). Specify the parasite, the type (s) of vaccine and the trial phase, if the vaccine is undergoing clinical trials.

Search for the following infections; Amebiasis, Trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, Malaria, Schistosomiasis, Paragonimiasis, and Filariasis, using the CDC and WHO web site for parasite infections. Millions of people are infected globally by these parasites and thousands to millions die annually, particularly children. a) What are the geographic regions considered endemic for these infections? b) Name 2 countries for each infection within a region. c) What geographic areas have witnessed emerging, re-emerging, reduced transmission or elimination of infections? d) Specifically, what information is provided regarding the WHO's efforts or response in vaccine, treatment or control strategies?

osteoclast cells

What type of organism is the cell found in? Where in the organism is the cell found? What is its function or duty? How does it contribute to the ability of the organism to maintain homeostasis? Describe the cell’s characteristics. Are there organelles? Does the cell contain components that are unique to that type of cell? Can the cell reproduce, if so, how does this occur? Is this type of cell found in other organisms?

1. Explain three reasons why a mutation in a single allele might be difficult to detect in a population.

2. Why is natural selection the most likely evolutionary mechanism to lead to adaptation? Can any other evolutionary mechanism lead to adaptation? Be sure to elaborate on your answers.

3. In a hypothetical population of 100 frogs there exists a gene with two alleles, D and d. 28 of the frogs are homozygous dominant (DD), and 22 are homozygous recessive (dd). What is the frequency of heterozygotes in the population? What are the allele frequencies? How would the allele frequencies be different in the next generation if no homozygous individuals were able to reproduce?

If you graft together a long-day rootstock plant and a short-day scion plant, what will induce flowering?

a. Long days, since the rootstock senses day length

b. Both long and short days due to the grafting

c. Short days, since the scion produces the leaves

d. Days and nights of exactly 12 hours each

e. Nothing; the plant will be unable to correctly sense day length.

Write down all the food items you consume in one complete day. Assemble information from food labels, menus, and dietary tables to calculate the number of grams of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats consumed. Calculate the number of Calories in each food type using 4 Cal/g for proteins and carbohydrates and 9 Cal/g for fats. Then obtain information about recommended dietary requirements for persons of your sex, age, weight, height, and level of activity from health or biology teachers or the Internet.

In studying a particular bio-molecule (a protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, or lipid) in the laboratory, the biochemist first needs to separate it from other biomolecules in the sample—that is, to purify it. Specific puri-fication techniques are described later in the book. However, by looking at the monomeric subunits of a biomolecule, you should have some ideas about the characteristics of the mole-cule that would allow you to separate it from other molecules. For example, how would you separate (a) amino acids from fatty acids and (b) nucleotides from glucose?

An example of ongoing natural selection that dramatically affects humans is the evolution of drug-resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria that can proliferate very quickly. With that in mind, explain how the following statement is inaccurate. "Antibiotics have created drug resistance in MRSA."

Research the categories of growth media listed below. Describe the use of each one. Name at least two media found in each category and the organisms that can grow on each. If a special reaction occurs in the media, please explain.

Growth media: Defined, Complex, Selective, Differential, Transfer.

Please write a text (not handwritten or cursive)

Identify a molecular diagnostic technique. For the technique you select, write a paragraph describing 4 pre-analytical variables.

listing the five greatest advances in the field of immunology in the last 40 years. Of course, this is a matter of opinion (to a reasonable extent), Be sure to include reasons for selecting the options you chose.

Suppose you wish to be outstanding in your field by studying plant cell biology. You discover a new strain of wild lima bean plants from Costa Rica that is resistant to being killed by a hydrophobic pesticide. Which one of the following states the most reasonable hypothesis that could explain the nature of the pesticide resistance?

A) Many chloroplast proteins are encoded in the plant nuclear genome. A nuclear gene encoding an enzyme involved in the dark reactions might confer resistance by degrading the pesticide.

B) In the resistant strain, the plant cell wall might contain a novel phospholipid that binds to the pesticide and prevents its entry into the plant cells.

C) The endoplasmic reticulum in the leaf cells of the resistant strain might contain a mutant version of a cytochrome P450 enzyme that helps to remove the pesticide from the membrane.

D) The resistant strain has mutations in actin that inhibit the development of pluripotent cells in the stem, re. This results in active transport of the pesticide via LDL particles interacting with coated pits on the mitochondrial thylakoid membranes.

E) None of the above

For which one of the following observations were both Lamarck's hypothesis and Darwin's hypothesis in complete agreement?