1) After taking an aliquot of your cells and diluting them with Trypan Blue in a 1:1 dilution, you load the cell/Trypan mixture onto a hemocytometer to count the cells.

You obtain the following counts:

What is the average number of Trypan-diluted cells per quadrant?

2) Now, take into consideration the Trypan Blue dilution. What is the more concentrated number of cells per quadrant?

3) What is the volume in each quadrant of a hemocytometer?

4) What is the cell density (concentration) of the cells (cells/mL)?

5) If your original cell culture (the one you took an aliquot from to count) has 13 mL of cell suspension, what is the total number of cells you have in culture?

2) Additional experiments confirmed that the difference in sequence between the expected genomic sequence and the experimentally determined cDNA sequence is neither due to a replication error nor to a DNA sequencing mistake. One of your coworkers decided to perform 5 independent experiments. In each experiment, the gene was first transcribed and then the transcript was purified and reverse- transcribed to produce double stranded cDNA copies of the gene. Finally, one copy of synthesized cDNA from each independent experiment was sequenced (5 samples sequenced in total). The difference between the cDNA and genomic DNA sequences described in part 1 was found in the 5 sequences. Explain why this result suggested that a transcription error was unlikely responsible for the sequence difference.

Describe the structure and function of the chloroplast and mitochondrion. Include in your answer: a. a description of each compartment, the membranes, and the localized activities of both organelles b. the special properties of chlorophyll and the mechanism of action of the light harvesting complex in the chloroplast c. the sequences of events in both electron transport chains from electron sources to the electron sinks and the roles of NADH and NADPH

Describe legislative efforts for the conservation of biodiversity.

Pick ANY biome and ecosystem and create a 500-700-word essay addressing the following:

1. Refer to the infographic provided and chose a biome to describe with an example ecosystem.
2. Provide one example of a keystone species found in the biome/ecosystem. Why is this keystone species important to the biome/ecosystem? What defines it as a keystone species?
3. Provide an example of an invasive species found in the biome/ecosystem. What are some of the negative impacts this invasive species has on the ecosystem? What is being done to mitigate impacts?
4. Provide one example of an endangered species found in the biome/ecosystem. Briefly discuss the causes of the decline in the species and what is being done to help.   

Please include at least three academic sources and make sure all sources are cited in your essay.

PLEASE MEET THE WORD COUNT OR PLEASE DO NOT RESPOND // IT DOES NOT MATTER THE BIOME YOU CAN PICK WHAT EVER ONE IS EASIEST FOR YOU

1. Would you expect to see more or less acetylation in regions of DNA that are sensitive to digestion by Dnase I? WHY?

2. Suppose a chemist develops a new drug that neutralizes the positive charges on the tails of histone proteins. What would be the most likely effect of this new drug on chromatin structure? would this drug have any effect on gene expression? explain your answers.  

I have no idea how to answer these two questions in a proper way thanks.

we were introduced to hydrolytic enzymes, list two enzymes and their function. Using your critical thinking, explain why it is of importance to identify microorganism that have hydrolytic abilities.

A study was undertaken to determine the strength of association between several risk factors and the duration of pregnancies. The risk factors considered were mother's age, nutritional status, history of tobacco use, and history of alcohol use. The response of interest, pregnancy duration is a three-categories variable that was coded as follows:

We would like to study the association between the duration of pregnancy and risk factors.

(a) Propose an appropriate model and explain how you assess whether your model is adequate

(b) Describe how to estimate the parameters in your model in a step by step manner

(c) We would like to test which risk factors are associated to the pregnancy duration. Explain what test statistic is used and why this test statistic is appropriate. Provide testing procedure in a step by step manner.

(d) We also would like to calculate the prediction accuracy of your model in (a). How would you measure the prediction accuracy of your model? Explain your procedure in a step by step manner.

1. Explain why negative or harmful mutations have no role in the evolution of a population.
2. How do pseudogenes offer evidence in support of evolution?
3. Give an example of the bottleneck and founder effects.
4. Explain how bottleneck effect has affected cheetahs.
5. If variation in a species was only due to meiosis, how would that limit the evolution of that species?
6. If it is survival of the fittest, explain why organisms would show altruistic behaviour or kinship. For example, why would lions group together as a pride?
7. Explain how altruism and cooperation are not contrary to evolution.
8. Explain how cumulative selection allows for more detailed structures.

1. Review the options for energy-yielding nutrients and how all three macronutrients can be used for energy or stored as fat.
   1. Compare the yields of pyruvate and Acetyl CoA.
   2. Why is fat more energy rich?
   3. What are two important coenzymes? Review the micronutrients involved

1. STEP 2: Study how pyruvate and acetyl CoA enter the TCA cycle, also known as the Kreb’s cycle. What is the net energy yield from one unit of glucose? What is the energy yield of a 16-carbon chain fatty acid?

True or false

1. Translation is process of mRNA synthesis. T/F
2. Meiosis is beneficial for the evolution. T/F
3. XY chromosomes are present only in the cells of male body and Y chromosome is inherited from male's mother. T/F
4. The first step of gene expression is translation and not a transcription. T/F