13. Epigenetics basically refers to changes in gene activity without a change in base content of DNA. Think of a multicellular eukaryotic organism such as a human. Please write down 2 different genomic events in humans that may be associated with epigenetic regulation.

What is MALDI-TOF? How does it work? What can it tell us?

41. True or False- No Protists cause disease in humans?

42. Phages infects...

A. Protists

B. plants

C bacteria

D animals

43. Photoautotrophs use

A. Light as an energy source and methane as a carbon source

B. Light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source

c. CO2 as both an energy source and a carbon source

D. N2 as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source.

Choose the correct type of expression for each example.

Describe the two non-living components of bone that provide strength and flexibility

26. How is the action of ACh different in cardiac cells than it is in skeletal muscle cells?

Need well written paragraphs about them .

1. Reconstruct the imaginary timeline of 4.55 billion years of Earth’s geologic time in terms of six days

2. Clarify the mistaken belief of some people that “Transition fossils don’t exist.”

why inoculating an EMB plate and an MSA plate potentially useful?

When DNA is compacted by histones into 10-nm and 30-nm fibers, the DNA is unable to interact with proteins required for gene expression. Therefore, to allow for these proteins to act, the chromatin must constantly alter its structure. Which processes contribute to this activity?

What accounts for a small number of protein-coding genes as compared to the larger number of proteins made by human cells?

Deletion mutations were created to determine the location and function of possible upstream regulatory sequences. The following results were obtained.

E.g., Deletion region ^-10 - ^-30 means that the region 10-30 nucleotides upstream of transcription start were deleted and the transcription rate was reduced to 0%.

Which mutation represents the deletion of an enhancer?

Deletion mutations were created to determine the location and function of possible upstream regulatory sequences. The following results were obtained.

E.g., Deletion region ^-10 - ^-30 means that the region 10-30 nucleotides upstream of transcription start were deleted and the transcription rate was reduced to 0%.

Which mutant represents the deletion of a silencer?

Describe how phosphofructokinase activity is regulated in glycolysis? Also further describe the effects of the regulation?

2) A patient exhibits extreme lactic acidosis (buildup of lactate in the body). Genome sequencing reveals a mutation in the gene coding for the E1 subunit of the PDH complex. This mutation is known to increase the Km of PDH for TPP.
a) In two to three sentences, explain how this mutation could lead to extreme lactic acidosis.(2 pts)

b) For each of the statements below, identify whether you would recommend or not recommend the treatment. Then, explain your reasoning and/or possible effects on the individual.

Statement 1:
Provide the patient with a high carbohydrate diet. (2 pts)

Statement 2:
Administer thiamine, a precursor of TPP, to the patient. (2 pts)

1. Briefly summarize the arguments made against medical treatments to address gender dysphoria in young children and teens.