Question

How does the Biodiversity of the ecosystem affect plants and animals

Answer 1

Answer-

The term 'biodiversity' was coined by Walter G. Rosen. It has been defined by "the richness in variety and variability of species of all living organisms in a given region". It can be subdivided at 3 levels as follows: A) Genetic diversity, B) species diversity and C) community or ecosystem diversity. At its simplest level, diversity can be defined as the number of species found in a community, a measure known as species richness. The differences in climate and physical condition on Earth lead to variation of Plants and animals- Warm temperatures and high humidity in most tropical areas provide favourable conditions for many species that are unable to survive in temperate areas or polar regions. Among plants, rates of outcrossing appera to be higher in tropics. Higher rates of outcrossing may lead to higher levels of genetic variability, which can lead to species diversity. In most regions, there may be great pressure from pests, parasites and disease. This does not allow any single species to dominate and thus there is always an opportunity for many species to coexist. On the contrary the reduced pressure can let few dominant species to exclude many other species. The coexisting populations are interrelated to each other and ahow some sort of interaction.such as, mutualism, competition, commensalism. In biodiversity, the dynamic environment and organisms make way for the development of different kinds of organisms through succession, which is an ecological phenomenon of replacement of an earlier ecosystem by a higher biomass rich and diversified ecosystem.

Around the globe, biological communities that took millions of years to develop are being devastated by human activity. The main cause of the present extinctions is habitat destruction by man, such as clear cutting of forests, overgrazing grasslands, draining wetlands and polluting the ecosystems. A new multidisciplinary science that has developed to deal with the crisis confronting biological diversity is the conservation biology. Conservation biology has 2 goals- First, to investigate human impacts on biological diversity and, second, to develop practical approaches to prevent extinction of species.