In 1997, Scottish researchers captured newspaper headlines when they announced the birth of Dolly, a lamb cloned from an adult sheep by nuclear transplantation. These researchers cultured mammary (nuclear-donor) cells in a nutrient-poor medium and then fused these cells with enucleated sheep eggs. The resulting diploid cells divided to form early embryos, which were implanted into surrogate mothers. Out of several hundred implanted embryos, one successfully completed normal development, and Dolly was born. Later analyses showed that Dolly’s chromosomal DNA was identical to that of the nucleus donor. Numerous other animals have been cloned thus far. In fact, the science fiction plot of Jurassic Park, revolves around a theme park showcasing cloned dinosaurs. These dinosaurs were cloned from DNA found in mosquitoes that had sucked dinosaur blood and had been trapped and preserved in amber.

In this discussion, explain (in 250-300 words) why you think it is possible to recreate dinosaurs by this technique. (PLEASE TYPE & INCLUDE 1 - 2 SOURCES, NO DIAGRAMS)

What are the struggle Rosalind Franklin went though in her life in 3 paragraph

What measures would you like to take to prevent water-borne diseases?

What are various public health measures which you would suggest as safeguard against infectious diseases?

What is obesity.
How to prevent obesity.

Plant growth provides food for herbivores that in turn can impact the productivity of the ecosystems that they graze. Herbivores remove green leaves and therefore lower potential whole-ecosystem photosynthesis by reducing the leaf area index. However herbivores may also reduce the amount of shading in the lower plant canopy and fertilize soils with their feces and urine, increasing the amount of light and nutrients for the remaining uneaten plants. Removal of leaves by herbivores may also warm up soils, leading to higher respiration by the plants and soil heterotrophs. Thus the relationship between long-term productivity and grazing is difficult to predict. Further complicating the relationship is the influence of weather, particularly precipitation and its impact on soil water availability. David Augustine and Sam McNaughton (2006) studied the influence of grazing on aboveground net primary productivity (NPP) in Kenyan rangeland ecosystems differing in nutrient availability.The influence of herbivore grazing on aboveground NPP was evaluated using treatment plots where herbivores were excluded (no grazing) and control plots where herbivores grazed freely (grazing). Rainfall at the research site is characteristic of seasonal tropical savannas, with pronounced dry and wet seasons.

Question 3. What do the results shown in Table 3 indicate about the influence of grazing on aboveground NPP in a year with above average rainfall? (Note that the experimental site was shifted this year, contributing to some between year differences in NPP.

Question 4. After viewing the above tables, what factors might explain the influence of variation in rainfall and nutrients on the effect of herbivores on NPP?

write an 7 pages essay on Lipid

What is primary productivity? Give brief description of factors that affect primary productivity.

Describe the components of an ecosystem.

Mention a few examples to use of microbes in household products

What is sewage? In which way can sewage be harmful to us?

Lab 1: Using the Scientific Method Worksheet

At a local town meeting, one of your neighbors complains that a nearby residence is killing his flowers because of the chemicals he uses to wash his cars. He claims that the soap runs into a stream that flows very close to his flower beds. As an inquiring student of science, you wonder whether soap can truly affect flower growth.

Based on the observation given to you, use the following questions to explain how you would set up your experiment and analyze your results.

1.       State your hypothesis. Remember that a hypothesis must be specific and testable. For example, stating that detergents are bad is not a good hypothesis (“Bad” is a generic term, it would be better to use a metric that is measurable).

2.       Explain how you would set up your control and treatment groups. What would be the same between the groups and what would be different? What species would you use for each group and how many plants total would you use?

3.       How would you collect your data for your experiment? What tools and units of measurement would you use? How often would you collect data and would you use the same methodology for both your treatment and control groups? Be specific in your answers.

In every experiment, there are some unintentional differences between the control and treatment groups. These are called sources of error. If these sources of error can be corrected we call them avoidable sources of error. An example of an avoidable source of error may be the amount of water provided to the plant. We can avoid this error by watering the plants in each group, the same amount at the same time of the day.

4. List some possible sources of avoidable and unavoidable error in your fertilizer experiment that were provided to you as examples.

5..       Explain the difference between a theory and a hypothesis.

6.       Explain the difference between the ‘everyday’ use of the word theory and the definition of a scientific theory.

7.       Why is it important to educate people on the true definition of “theory”?

What is the osmolarity of distilled water? what is the osmolarity of 40mM CaCl2?

Is it hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic?

1. There are a number of different vectors that are used for different purposes in research and for biotechnolgy. Compare the use of a Ti plasmid in gnerating a transgenic plant with the use of a BAC in sequencing the human genome.