Chapter 1 - Introduction - page 1

UNSCRAMBLE THE WORDS

1. nedailacct  hsto                                                                              Infection of a host other than the normal host species (two words)

2. racreri                                                                                             A host harboring a parasite without

exhibiting clinical signs

3. scaimsmlnoem                                                                               Two different organisms in which one partner is benefited and the other is neither benefited nor injured

4. ifvtniedie tosh                                                                                  Where a parasite passes its adult existence (two words)

5. einfelatifdr dioginsas                                                                       The comparison of different diseases that exhibit similar symptoms (two words)

6. teonreasadpi                                                                                  A parasite established within the body of itshost

7. ctfalveatuti  ptasiera                                                                      A free-living potentially parasitic organism (two words)

8. iteermitdane tohs                                                                           The animal in which a parasite  passes its larval stage (two words)

9. otroglybia  airseapt                                                                        A parasite that cannot live apart from its host (two words)

10. mrpasietaia                                                                                     The presence of parasites in the

blood

Chapter 1 - Introduction - page 2

1. vrsreireo oths                                                                    Harbors a parasite from which a human may become infected (two words)

2. bysomsisi                                                                            Two different species exhibiting metabolic dependence by their relationship

3. rttarsnpo stoh                                                                    Carries a parasite from one location to another  to infect  a new host (two words)

4. srcvoet                                                                                Any arthropods that transport a pathogenic microorganism from an infected to a noninfectedhost

5. ozsoison                                                                              A parasitic disease that has accidentally infected a h

1. Describe at least 4 organelles/structures present in or associated with plant cells but not in animal cells. Be sure to include the function and any identifying structural components. Review basic cell organelles and structures that plants and animals share. Briefly describe the role of the organelle/structure.

- Determine the energetic cost of converting eight pyruvạtes bạck into four glucose.

-How does this compạre with the forwạrd pạthwạy of glycolysis (four glucose into eight pyruvạte)? Ạre they energy equivạlent?

Give scientific facts both supporting and disputing this statement: In deserts with periodic monsoon rains, CAM plants are better at accumulating biomass than C4 plants. Please give specific facts and reasoning of why you support and refute this statement.

A breeder has observed variations in coat colour and pattern in the guinea pigs she has bred over the years. Black coat colour (B) is dominant over red coat colour (b), and white spotted pattern (s) is recessive to solid pattern (S).

a. What progeny will be produced from mating a male that is heterozygous black, and heterozygous solid with a red, homozygous solid female? Show the genotypes, phenotypes, and the phenotypic ratio

b. A third trait for coat type, where curly coat (C) is dominant over straight coat (c) is introduced. What offspring are expected from mating a female guinea pig (BBSsCc) with a male guinea pig (bbssCc)? Show genotypes, genotypic ratio, phenotypes, and phenotypic ratio. How many individuals are homozygous for curly coat?

2) Biofilms and other multicellular behaviors a) Recall that bacteria (and archaea) exhibit both transient and permanent multicellularity. How does these behaviors benefit bacteria? What are the costs? b) What kinds of environmentts seem to favor multicellular behaviors? Recall our discussion in the lecture – two that we discussed at length were mechanical antibiotic & chemical resistance and evasion of predators. c) Explain quorum sensing, especially the details we discussed with the Vibrio fischerii example. d) Compare and contrast incipient vs patterned multicellularity, and fit the examples of Bacillus subtillis, Myxococcus xanthus, and Streptomyces spp. into your explanation. How do these examples challenge our notions of the divide between single-celled and multicellular organisms? e) What is the microbiome? What are some of the implications for human health?

Heart disease is top reason for death between citizens in USA and more modern countries. Fast food is main cause of unhealthful fats that cause drastically to heart disease. Think you're a judge lying on a test where a fast-food company is being charged for making a dangerous product. To what point do you believe manufacturers of harmful foods must be taken responsible for health effects of their products? As a jury member, how would you elect?

4. Continuing the example above of mating two plants, a homozygous recessive for pollen gran and flower color and the other heterozygous for both traits. A) What are the genotype and phenotype ratios you expect for the offspring? B) Which Mendelian assumption are you making when estimating those allele ratios?

1. The “novel coronavirus” (SARS-CoV-2) that is causing much concern this winter/spring is a member of the family Coronaviridae.  Describe the structure, and the nature of the genetic material, of the Coronaviridae.  

How did Lamarck’s theory of evolution DIFFER from that of Darwin’s?

Lamarck believed that Earth was old enough to provide a sufficient time scale for the process of evolution.

Lamarck believed that the environment played a significant role.

Lamarck believed that characteristics acquired during an organism’s lifetime could be passed on to the next generation.

Lamarck believed that acquired character during an organism’s lifetime could not be passed on to the next generation.

1. Outline the steps of electrical conduction through the mammalian heart.

2. What is the importance of the skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps?

3. What happens to heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and patterns of blood flow at the onset of exercise in humans?