1. The E. coli LacZ will be used as a reporter gene and the expression of the LacZ gene product will be detected by the enzymatic cleavage of the compound X-gal producing blue staining within the embryo. Why was an E. coli LacZ gene used as a reporter gene?

2. Why is there a Drosophila weak basal promoter located on the P[lacZ] enhancer-trap element?

3. The E. coli LacZ will be used as a reporter gene and the expression of the LacZ gene product will be detected by the enzymatic cleavage of the compound X-gal producing blue staining within the embryo. If blue staining is observed, what does that indicate about the P[lacZ] enhancer-trap element within the Drosophila embryo?
4. What classes of genes will be studied in this experiment?
5. When you examine your prepared slides you observe that some embryos do not show a staining pattern, give a technical reason for this observation. Give a biological reason for this observation.

1 The Krebs Cycle occurs in/on the

A matrix of the mitochondria.

B cristae (inner membrane) of the mitochondria.

C stroma of the chloroplast.

D cytoplasm of the cell.

E thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.

At the end of glycolysis,

A a net of 2 ATP have been produced.

B one NADH has been produced.

C oxygen is released.

D two FADH2 have been produced.

E one glucose has been produced.

The majority of ATP produced by aerobic respiration is made in

A glycolysis.

B the Krebs Cycle.

C the electron transport chain.

D fermentation.

Glycolysis occurs in/on the

A matrix of the mitochondria.

B cristae (inner membrane) of the mitochondria.

C stroma of the chloroplast.

D cytoplasm of the cell.

E thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.

_______________________ are stripped from the intermediate organic molecules of the Krebs Cycle.

A carbon and hydrogen atoms

B oxygen and electrons

C H+ and electrons

D ATP and NAD

The Simpson’s Index is typically used as an ecological tool to describe the diversity of species in a particular area. Why isn’t it fair to use the Simpson’s index we calculated using fossils as an accurate measure of the diversity of living organisms in that location during the Devonian?

An autosomal locus has alleles A and a.

The frequency of individuals with the autosomal recessive phenotype is given. Which statements are true? (pick all that are true)

HWE= Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

1. We can calculate q=Freq(a) even if we don't assume Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

2. Even if we don't assume HWE, we can calculate the genotype frequencies that we weren't given

3. If we assume HWE, we can calculate the genotype frequencies that we weren't given

4. If we assume HWE, we can calculate both allele frequencies

5. We can calculate both allele frequencies even if we don't assume HWE.

Questions for an Ecology assignment. These questions are based on the article: Barbosa, Pedro, et al. "Associational resistance and associational susceptibility: having right or wrong neighbors." Annual review of ecology, evolution, and systematics 40 (2009): 1-20.

1. Describe an example the authors provided for a way that competition with a neighboring plant can alter its susceptibility to herbivores. Can you think of another instance in which competition between focal plants and neighbor plants might lead to either associational resistance (AR) or associational susceptibility (AS)? Or vice-versa-- herbivory can alter competitive interactions between plants as well! Please describe one case.

2. The meta-analysis found that diet breath (an insects’ degree of specialization) had little influence over the likelihood of AR or AS on plants (Figure 2c). However, their evaluation of ‘neighbor affects’ across generalists and specialists did not consider several potentially important interacting factors, including relative plant abundance and biomass of both the neighbor and focal plant, as well as taxonomic relatedness of the neighboring plant. How might these factors interact with herbivore diet breadth to alter a plants’ susceptibility? (choose one)

2.

Many of you are biology majors, and the rest of you have probably taken a biology class, so this week's discussion question is this: How much of Linnaeus' classification system survives today? Which part do you still learn in your classes? What, if anything, has changed in classification systems since Linnaeus' time?

List the inhibitors of ETC , Oxidative phosphorylation and their specific targets / (actions) describe briefly

What factors contribute to the SPREAD of fires after an earthquake?

Discuss the importance of water balance and imbalances in electrolytes.

58-year-old nuclear power plant worker presented to his family physician complaning of increasing fatigue and weakness. He also reported pain in his lower back and arms when he walks. Physical examination revealed pale mucous membranes and hepatosplenomegaly. The physician ordered a complete blood count (CBC) and urinalysis (UA). A follow-up appointment was scheduled for the following week.

Laboratory Data:

The CBC revealed that the patient had anemia. His leukocyte count and differential count were normal, except for a rouleaux (rolled coin) appearance of the RBCs. The UA was normal. The patient was called and requested to return to the laboratory for additional tests. The physician ordered an ESR, kidney screening profile, liver blood profile, and radiographic skeletal survey, with the following results:

• ESR—50 mm/hr

• Kidney profile—normal

• Liver profile—normal, except for increased globular protein

• Skeletal survey—bone lesions in various sites

Questions:

1. What follow-up laboratory tests might be ordered to assist in establishing a definitive diagnosis?

2. What is the nature of the urine protein found in this disorder ?

3. What is the most significant laboratory finding in this disorder?

4. What type of immunologic defect exists in this disease process?

5. Does this patient have a risk of occupational exposure?

You have identified a Type 1 transposable element in yeast. This transposon has a small

mutation that inactivates its only protein-encoding gene. If you provide this transposon

with an external source of transposase, would you expect this transposon to be able to

move?

Why or why not?