Why genetic variation is important for the survival of offspring? Indicate the mechanisms that

generate genetic variation

This problem has two parts:

Part 1.

In one of Mendel’s dihybrid crosses, he observed 315 round, yellow, 108 round, green, 101 wrinkled, yellow, and 32 wrinkled, green F2s. Analyze these data using the χ²test to see if they fit: (a) a 9:3:3:1 ratio and (b) the round: wrinkled data fit a 3:1 ratio. Show all of your work.

Part 2.

For both (a) and (b) of the problem above, what does the calculated p-value mean (i.e. what is the probability the difference between your expected and observed data  is due to chance)?

From the polar amino acids with negative charge, give the following information:

1. Characteristics of this group
2. Select two examples and graph their chemical structure. Check your isoelectric point.
3. Identify the anomeric carbon in each of the amino acids
4. Build a 10 amino acid oligopeptide with polar and positively charged polar amino acids

24. Explain how cell-free extracts were used to identify the enzymes responsible for replication, transcription and translation.

25. Describe the process of replication and the enzymatic steps associated with the process. • Explain the phenomenon of DNA renaturation.

26. Compare the amount of genomic DNA that you might in a variety of organisms (bacteria, viruses, humans).

27. Explain the type of genome of RNA viruses and list the general mechanisms (enzymes) that they use to replicate their genomes.

2) The annelids are one of the numerous vermiform (worm like) species that we’ve examined this semester.

i) What are three features distinguish the annelids from other worms?

ii) How does their movement compare with the Platyhelminthes which prominently use adhesive/releaser glands to facilitate movement? Describe their movement using two examples from specific groups of annelids (in terms of structures and how they use them) in one or two paragraphs

iii) Describe the nervous and circulatory systems of the annelids and how it relates to their metermerism.

iv) Compare your answer from part iii with the myriopods

Renee and Karl have been married for six years, and have two active children, ages 2 and 5. The kids keep both parents busy, chasing the kids around and, recently, preparing the oldest child for kindergarten. In addition, both Renee and Karl work full time, so there isn’t a lot of free time to do things that are important to their health, like see the doctor for regular physicals. Both are healthy, so they haven’t been too worried.

Renee went for routine physical last week and had blood work drawn. (It had been three years since her last physical.) The doctor called during the day with some worrying results. After putting the kids to bed, Renee was ready to talk through the results with Karl. Karl, with a worried look on his face, asked what was up. Renee told him that her cholesterol levels were very high. In fact, her total cholesterol was 220. Her HDL was 20, and her LDL was 200. That information, combined with the fact that her father had passed away at a young age from a heart attack, worried the doctor…and Renee.

1) What are HDL and LDL?
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2)What is the normal role of cholesterol in the body? Do you need cholesterol? (Hint: Remember cell membranes.)
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3)What are the health consequences of high cholesterol?
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4)What could be causing Renee’s high cholesterol levels? Describe at least three possible contributing factors.
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Calculate LC50 if the equation MTT trend line was y =-50,000ln(x) +400,000 and the cell density in the control treatment was 500,000 cells/mL.

What is the difference between a silent mutation, point mutation and a missense mutation?

Physical Development

1. Describe the changes in brain development that take place during toddlerhood, and identify the two most common methods of measuring brain activity.

2. Discuss how growth rate affects the eating habits of preschool children, and examine the most common nutritional problems of preschoolers.

BIO 474 PSQ 3, 4, 5

3) Why or how might the control of cell membrane permeability (specifically voltage-dependent and ligand-gated conductances) be important in neuron or brain functioning?

4) From an evolutionary (and practical) standpoint, why don't all of the cells in our bodies have properties similar or identical to nerve cells?

5) [ Think up a question of your own and answer it ] - I DID THIS ONE ALREADY JUST NEED HELP WITH 3 AND 4. Thank you!

Given a plant with the genotype C/c^m; Ac⁺/Ac⁺, where c^m is an unstable allele caused by a Ds insertion. This plant is crossed with another plant with the genotype C/c^m where c^m is an unstable allele caused by Ac insertion.

What phenotypes would be produced (including their proportion)? Assume that Ac and c are unlinked, that the chromosome-breakage frequency is negligible, and that mutant c/C is Ac+.

Biocompatibility

•Why is titanium often considered an ideal implant material?

•List the steps of an inflammatory response starting with implantation and ending with fibrous encapsulation. Include the cells involved with the inflammatory response.