How do nerves contribute to the regulation of osmoregulation?

How do muscles contribute to the regulation of osmoregulation?

How does cell signalling contribute to the regulation of Osmoregulation?

A detailed description of the technology based on the solution .  

A description on how it will impact climate change.  

A thorough discussion as to whether implementation of this technology is feasible. Pros and Cons to it.

Answer the question as to whether this technology can significantly reduce or reverse the momentum of climate change by 2050?

Solution is below

Conservation agriculture uses cover crops, crop rotation, and minimal tilling in the production of annual crops. It protects soil, avoids emissions, and sequesters carbon.

SOLUTION SUMMARY*

Plows are absent on farms practicing conservation agriculture, and for good reason. When farmers till their fields to destroy weeds and fold in fertilizer, water in the freshly turned soil evaporates. Soil itself can be blown or washed away and carbon held within it released into the atmosphere. Tilling can make a field nutrient poor and less life-giving.

Conservation agriculture was developed in Brazil and Argentina in the 1970s, and adheres to three core principles:

1. Minimize soil disturbance: absent tilling, farmers seed directly into the soil.
2. Maintain soil cover: farmers leave crop residues after harvesting or grow cover crops.
3. Manage crop rotation: farmers change what is grown and where.

The Latin root of conserve means “to keep together.” Conservation agriculture abides by these principles to keep the soil together as a living ecosystem that enables food production and helps redress climate change.

Conservation agriculture sequesters a relatively small amount of carbon—an average of half a ton per acre. But given the prevalence of annual cropping around the world, those tons add up. Because conservation agriculture makes land more resilient to climate-related events such as long droughts and heavy downpours, it is doubly valuable in a warming world.

the technology mentioned in the solution

a) Consider a person of 70 Kg. 0.20% of the body mass is potassium and it is a vital nutrient. Natural potassium (mostly ³⁹K and ⁴¹K) also contains 0.012% ⁴⁰K with a half- life time of 1.3 billion years. ⁴⁰K emits a β- of average energy of 58.5 keV in 89.3% of its decays and a 1.461 MeV γ-ray in 10.7% of the decays. How many of these high-energy γ-rays is generated in the person per second?

b) If you assume that all the energy from the electrons and γ-rays is absorbed in the body, what is the effective dose for the person in one year?

c) While nowadays 0.012% of all potassium is ⁴⁰K, what was its share of all potassium 4.5 billion years ago, when the Earth formed?

Explain how reverse transcriptase causes resistance to the viral protease inhibitor ritonavir

What was the significance of the 1944 Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment? How are the discoveries of that experiment a significant contribution to the field of biotechnology?

ln genetics, what are the biological effects of radiation in humans ?

What would happen if we use Polymerase I instead of Polymerase III for DNA replication in a PCR? If we used an enzyme with low fidelity, how would the DNA product compare to the original template?

Epidemiology: Draw a DAG of the relationship between exposure and outcome, accounting for other variables discussed. Then, write either “Yes” if it appears that confounding of the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is supported (based on the general rule for confounding) and “No” if it appears that confounding is not supported. If “No”, please indicate why it is not a confounder.

• Researchers are investigating a potential association between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and lung cancer where there appears to be a relationship between low HDL and lung cancer. Smoking is known to cause a decrease in HDL levels and is known to cause lung cancer.

The enzymes involved in glycolysis are.....

• A.

  constitutive proteins

• B.

  inducible proteins

• C.

  repressed proteins

• D.

  regulated proteins

Problem 1. Molecular Genetics

A sea urchin mutation results in an unusual positioning of the mitotic spindle during the very first cleavage division:instead of the zygote dividing along the animal-vegetal axis, the cell is now dividing perpendicular to the A-V axis (as if a globe were divided in halves at the equator plane). You decide to repeat Hans Driesch’s 19th century experiments, carefully separate the resulting blastomeres and let them develop further.

True or false?

Since sea urchins are known to have highly regulative earlydevelopment, you expect to see normally developing embryos. Explain youranswer.

1. What is the concentration of bleach that is used to disinfect your work area? Why is it      used to disinfect rather than to sterilize? When do you disinfect your work area? (3             points)
2. Can a pure culture be prepared directly from a mixed-broth or a mixed-slant culture?             Explain. (3 points)
3. As demonstrated in the video, why do you pass the mouth of the tube through the flame? What is the correct angle? (3 points)

5. How do you know that you have used aseptic technique correctly and have achieved a pure culture? (3 points)
6. What are some advantages and disadvantages of the serial dilution agar plate        technique? (3 points)

7. Describe the different cultural characteristics identified when you use agar plates,         agar slants, and nutrient broth. (3 points)

8. Distinguish between the following: (2 points)

1. Disinfectant (1 point)
2. Antiseptic (1 point)

9. What are some advantages of an agar plate over a slant tube? (3 points)
10. Describe how discrete colonies can appear from a mixed culture using the streak- plate subculture process. (4 points)

mtr: tryptophan-specific transport protein – transports tryptophan into the cell

trpA: tryptophan synthase, a protein – synthesizes tryptophan from its basic components

cusF: Periplasmic copper binding protein – binds copper ions

tnaA: Tryptophanase – enzyme for tryptophan catabolism

trpB: Tryptophan synthase, b protein – synthesizes tryptophan

Q. If tryptophan caused the expression level to change, explain why these changes occur for each gene (that is, how does the presence of tryptophan in the media influence expression of the gene...you should be able to infer this based on each gene’s known function).

QUESTION 21

1. Critical results from the microbiology department must be communicated to the clinician immediately. All of the following results are considered critical except:

   	a.	positive spinal fluid gram stain on culture
   	b.	blood smear for malaria
   	c.	negative acid fast stain
   	d.	Streptococcus pyogenes from a surgical wound

QUESTION 22

1. The tech working on an aerobic wound culture is identifying a colony that is large, gray, and non-hemolytic on blood agar. The tech prepares a gram stain of the colony and notices a consistency similar whisked egg whites. The gram stain reveals a large gram-positive Bacillus. What is the most likely identification of this colony?

   	a.	Bacillus anthracis
   	b.	Burkholderia mallei
   	c.	Bacillus cereus
   	d.	Fransicella tularensis

QUESTION 23

1. Which of these describes the mode of action of the antibiotic beta-lactam class of antibiotics?

   	a.	inhibits DNA synthesis
   	b.	inhibits RNA synthesis
   	c.	inhibits protein synthesis
   	d.	inhibits cell wall synthesis

Consider an ion for which there are only passive leakage channels. If the membrane potential is farther from the ion’s Nernst potential, the magnitude of the current associated with that ion will be:

a. greater

b. smaller

c. the same

d. none of the above

And why?

What does it mean to say all organisms are identical in the assumptions for the exponential growth model? Does that mean both males and females can reproduce?