Questions
1. Which of the following is true about muscle protein? A. In a contracting muscle cell,...

1. Which of the following is true about muscle protein?

A. In a contracting muscle cell, troponin binds to calcium, and tropomyosin changes conformation and uncovers the myosin binding sites on actin

B. In a relaxed muscle cell, tropomyosin binds to calcium, and troponin covers the myosin binding sites on actin

C. In a contracting muscle cell, tropomyosin binds to calcium, and troponin changes conformation and uncovers the myosin binding sites on actin.

D. In a relaxed muscle cell, troponin binds to calcium, and tropomyosin covers the myosin binding sites on actin

2.

Which of the following represents the CORRECT order of events in the muscle cell when I decide that I want to wiggle my pinkie toe?

A. The influx of positive charge causes the opening of ligand-gated sodium channels causing an action potential that propagates down the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane which causes the release of calcium from the T-tubules.

B. The influx of positive charge causes the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels causing an action potential that propagates down the T-tubule leading to the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

C. The influx of positive charge causes the opening of ligand-gated sodium channels causing an action potential that propagates down the T-tubule leading to the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

D. The influx of positive charge causes the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels causing an action potential that propagates down the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane which causes the release of calcium from the T-tubules.

In: Biology

a- Why is structure of chlorophyll and mitochondria important for their functions within a cell? b....

a- Why is structure of chlorophyll and mitochondria important for their functions within a cell?

b. Describe function of various cell connections.

In: Biology

You are asked to work as an astrobiologist in the distant future. On Neptune’s moon Triton,...

  1. You are asked to work as an astrobiologist in the distant future. On Neptune’s moon Triton, you find a species of terrifying and giant crustacean-like aliens that appear to live in completely isolated populations within the nitrogen ice valleys on the surface. As a famed xenobiologist that specializes in population genetics, you decide to compare and contrast two of these isolated populations. Specifically, you are interested in the locus terror​​, which comprises three alleles T1, T2, and T3.
    1. Using state of the art technology, you can immediately infer genotypes on the spot! Below are the genotype frequencies for the two populations. Your non-biologist teammate speculates that because genotypes containing T2 are so low in frequency in both populations, T2 must be deleterious - and thus will soon be selected out of the populations. Are they right? Why or why not?

genotype

T1T1

T1T2

T2T2

T1T3

T2T3

T3T3

pop. 1 individuals

42

5

5

88

10

67

pop. 2.

individuals

150

10

20

450

50

800

  1. Someone on a rival ship accidentally brings a small batch of hitchhiking aliens back to Earth. At least it’s not your fault! Unfortunately, they are reproducing, thus forming a newly isolated population that is terrorizing the planet. This new Earth population of aliens is genotyped, and you find that they entirely lack the allele T3. Is this founder Earth population more likely to originally be from Triton population 1 or 2? Please show your work.

  1. Regardless of your answer to part B, your colleague suggests that if​ ​ the new Earth population originally came from Triton population 2, genetic drift is likely to play less of an effect because of its large original population size (refer to table in part A). Are they correct? Why or why not?

  1. You notice that terror​ ​ experiences selection on Earth. Because the Earth population completely lacks allele T3, you can treat this population like a two allele locus, with genotypes and fitnesses listed below. What is the probability that T1 will fix or be lost due to drift alone? By contrast, what is the probability that T1 will fix or be lost due to selection alone? Please show your work.

genotype

T1T1

T1T2

T2T2

frequency

0.10

0.10

0.80

fitness

1

0.90

0.90

In: Biology

The helix that forms in a protein chain as a result of hydrogen bonds and other...

The helix that forms in a protein chain as a result of hydrogen bonds and other weak forces is an example of the

Multiple Choice

  • non-linear structure of protein.

  • secondary structure of protein.

  • primary structure of protein.

  • tertiary structure of protein.

In: Biology

One of the attending Physicians in your clinic is known for prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics for patients....

One of the attending Physicians in your clinic is known for prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics for patients. What is wrong with this approach and what would be a better way to prescribe antibiotics.

In: Biology

Describe the biosocial perspective and explain what this perspective considers most important to understanding behavior. Include...

Describe the biosocial perspective and explain what this perspective considers most important to understanding behavior. Include a discussion of the gender ratio problem and explain why this is not a problem for biosocial theories of crime.

In: Biology

What is the major take-home point of the study? Why is this What assumptions do the...

What is the major take-home point of the study? Why is this

What assumptions do the authors make, based on the blog post? Do the authors deal with these assumptions?

His first winter at the University of Mississippi Field Station, Matt Pintar was wading through some ponds where he noticed a large number of egg masses. Clear jelly surrounded most of these egg masses, but a whitish jelly encased some of them. These egg masses were produced by the spotted salamander, Abystoma maculatum, which immediately made Pintar wonder why these differences exist within this species. Biologists use the term “polymorphism” to describe a situation like this, in which two or more forms (poly = multiple, morph = form) exist within a population.

Could it simply be random chance that there were two egg mass morphs? Or was one morph better than the other in getting fertilized by the appropriate sperm, or in keeping the eggs together? Alternatively, perhaps one morph was better at providing nutrients or protecting against predators. The puzzle is that if one morph was superior to the other, then that morph would be favored by natural selection, should outcompete the other, and ultimately cause the second morph to go extinct. So why did both morphs persist in this population of spotted salamanders?

Pintar and his colleague Willliam Resetarits Jr. thought it most likely that the polymorphism was a chance event that provided no benefit to the salamanders. But they did consider the alternative that one morph might be better in some conditions, while the other morph was better in other conditions. Surveys done about 25 years ago suggested that the polymorphism might be connected to differences in water chemistry, so Pintar and Resetarits decided to explore this possible link with a combination of observations of natural ponds and field experiments on artificial ponds.

In: Biology

Lesson 1:  Antibiotic Resistance Question Part 1:  Please discuss and elaborate on some of the main drivers or...

Lesson 1:  Antibiotic Resistance

Question Part 1:  Please discuss and elaborate on some of the main drivers or causes of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria.  

Question Part II:  What measures are or are not being taken to address antibiotic resistance?

In: Biology

many chemotherapy drugs used to treat cancer work by modifying the mitotic spindle. Paclitaxel works by...

many chemotherapy drugs used to treat cancer work by modifying the mitotic spindle. Paclitaxel works by interfering with normal microtubule breakdown during cell division and Vinblastine works by binding tubular, thereby inhibiting the assembly of microtubules. How specifically do you think these drugs would stop cancer cell? What consequences might taking these drugs have for a cancer patient?

In: Biology

How is the replication of the viral genome of retroviruses unique among the viruses? Essay question...

How is the replication of the viral genome of retroviruses unique among the viruses?

Essay question I would like key concepts explained please !

In: Biology

2. Your friend has just started a ketogenic diet and eats mostly fats. You eat a...

2. Your friend has just started a ketogenic diet and eats mostly fats. You eat a fairly normal diet that consists of about 50% carbohydrates. Using your knowledge of the Krebs cycle, explain the difference between how you and your friend are producing energy. (Hint: Be sure to mention ketone bodies.)

  1. Ketogenic diets limit the amount of carbohydrates you consume. Based on what you’ve learned in this course, how might a diet like this theoretically affect blood glucose levels?

In: Biology

write 200 words about vegan diet and share why it matters, then develop a position or...

write 200 words about vegan diet and share why it matters, then develop a position or claim

In: Biology

When the human body is invaded by foreign microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses, it produces...

When the human body is invaded by foreign microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses, it produces an immune response. Choose one example of a bacterium or virus to discuss.

  • What actions does the body produce in its immune response to invasion by the particular bacterium or virus you selected? Explain your answer.
  • Would active or passive immunity be more effective against this bacterium or virus? Why?

In: Biology

What are the treatments (if any) for the Corona disease? How did/does this disease affect its...

What are the treatments (if any) for the Corona disease? How did/does this disease affect its community? With the Details.

I have this question, and I have to answer it as essay (for my project). Can you help me. Please can you type the answer. I don't understand the writing hand. Sometime.

Thanks

In: Biology

An animal is undergoing a cleavage pattern that is bilateral and mesoblastic and, after closely examining...

An animal is undergoing a cleavage pattern that is bilateral and mesoblastic and, after closely examining its cleavage pattern, synchronous division is lost after the third cellular division. What might be causing this loss of synchronous division??

In: Biology