Question

What is the relationship between diabetes, glucose in food, saliva, microvilli, blood transport of glucose, beta cells of pancreas, diabetes- elevated blood glucose, glomerulus, glucose in urine? Major emphasis on RELATIONSHIP

Answer 1

Answer: Diabetes is a disease that occurs when the level of glucose in the blood elevated beyond threshold value.

This blood sugar is the main source of energy and comes from the glucose present in the food us intake.

Saliva moistens food, helps to create a food bolus, so it can be swallowed easily.

Microvilli are most often found in the small intestine, they work in conjunction with villi to absorb more nutrients and more material because they expand the surface area of the intestine.

Blood vessels carry glucose because of the facilitated diffusion across the membrane of the red blood cells and they basically transport the glucose to different parts of the body as glucose is the main source of energy.

They also carry hormones like insulin which regulates the level of sugar glucose in the blood and insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. If the person is suffering from diabetes his/her pancreas damages and as a result insulin production reduced and blood sugar level increases beyond its threshold value.

Glomerulus is a tiny ball-shaped structure composed of capillary blood vessels actively involved in the filtration of the blood to form urine.

Glomerulus basically filter the glucose (approximately 180g/day), all of which reabsorbed through glucose transporter proteins.

If the capacity of these transporters is exceeded, glucose appears in the urine.

This means when the person is suffering from diabetes, the blood sugar level increases and because of the absence of insulin in the blood its homeostasis does not takes place and hence glucose will appear in the urine.

So all these components are related with each other with respect to uptake, digestion and regulation of glucose.