Explain why eyes are the preferred portal of entry for most microbes.

1) Describe the structural features of peptide b-turns and how are they distinctly different from b-sheets.

2) Describe a spectroscopic technique for characterizing b-turn secondary structures in peptides.

why would a scientist who needs to know the population size of an organism not simply count every individual of a species in an area?

1. Devise a scheme of cutting out YGOI insert from the donor plasmid and placing it into the recipient plasmid.
2. How would you separate the transformed cells (those that have picked up the recombinant plasmid) from non-transformed cells?

1)Describe how Rhizobium infects members of the Fabaceae and how the subsequent relationship between the bacteria and plant benefits both organisms. 100 marks

2) Ferns are vascular plants but they are predominantly found in humid habitats, explain why this is the case.100 marks

A) Use the differences in stem morphology, primary and secondary growth to explain why eudicots are also called woody plants. B) Why do trees die when the bark is removed from the circumference of the tree?

A 75-year-old man is admitted to the hospital for a severe urinary tract infection. A catheter is put in place and he is given a regimen of the appropriate antibiotics. The infection initially begins to respond to the antibiotics as the bacterial count of the urine sample shows a decrease in number. After a number of days in the hospital with the catheter still in place the bacterial numbers begin to rise again Assuming the type of antibiotic and the initial dosage was correct, what may be the explanation for the resurgence of the infection? What action(s) may be taken to bring the infection back under control without radically changing the antibiotic treatment in place?

Question (2) Which of the following histology stains is/are used to highlight glycosaminoglycans in tissue sections

1. Alcian Blue
2. Millers elastin
3. Massons trichrome
4. Haematoxylin
5. Trypan blue

what is transposon methylation in plants, how does this occur and what is the effect the phenotype of plants and further what is the effects this has on darwinian selection?

Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells (AFCS) though classified as adult stem cells have a remarkable ability to make a multitude of cell lineages from all 3 germ layers. What are 3 arguments for considering it pluripotent? Why is it correctly categorized as “broadly multipotent”?

Could new mutations or diseases arise through IVP, CRISPR, or PGD?

For eạch of the following, indicạte whạt the effect would be on the EFG/Rạs signạling pạthwạy (increase or decrease) and why.

a. A destạbilizing mutạtion in the SH2 domain of Grb2.

b. Overexpression of Rạs associated GAP’s.

c. Introduction of GTPγS (a GTP ạnalog that is difficult to hydrolyze)

d. Overexpression Sos