Question

Sry Guy no idea under what subject - so I put under biology

a)Look at the technologies around you – how many of them upon careful consideration reply on various form of nanotechnology? List a few example and further study the influence on nanotechnology on its development. consider this: are we always of whether technologies involve other technologies?how many technologies of today actually considered fundamental or primary technologies?

b)Base on your understanding what is the potential application for nanotechnology with regard to medicine, particularly in current trends for research development and the resulting technologies. List a few samples to support your answer.
c)How effective do you think the early forms of medicine were?Would the lack of clear anatomical and physiological understanding have affected this? How would these method have developed?
d)what effects would the improvements of diagnostic tests and procedures have on health care as a whole, communities, and individuals?should we expect changes in the attrition figure for the population?
e)What implications might these have on city planning, infrastructure, and economic development?What else needs to be considered?

Answer 1

Q) a)

Technology is a skill or technique used to produce goods or services, Nanotechnology is a technology in which extremely small particles of 0.1 to 100nm are used and these materials should posses properties like electrical conductance, chemical reactivity, magnetism, optical effects and physical strength. It is the treatment of individual atoms, molecules, or compounds into structures to produce materials and devices with special properties. Nanotechnology works by reducing the size of large structures to smallest structure.

Various fileds that are using nanotechnology are i) Health and Medicine ii) Electronics iii) Transportation iv) Energy and Environment v) Space exploration.

Nanotechnology can be used in producing less expensive energy production and for renewal energies, in solar technology, nano-catalysis, fuel cells and hydrogen technology. Carbon nano tube fuel cells are used for storage of hydrogen, and used in power cars.

Nanotechnology is used on photovoltaic , to make them cheap, light weight and more efficient, by this it can reduce the combustion of engine pollutants by nano porous filters, and can clean the exhaust mechanically, by using catalytic converters made up of nano scale noble metal particles and by catalytic coatings on cylinder walls and catalytic nanoparticles being used as additive for fuels.

Nanotechnology also helps in developing new ecofriendly and green technologies , which can minimize undesirable pollution. Solid state lightening can reduce total electricity consumption.

In near future nanotechnology will help in  protecting the environment , will provide sufficient energy for a growing world. It's advanced techniques will help the storage of energy, and their conversion into other forms,will help iin producing ecofriendly manufacturing of materials and also in developing better renewable energy sources.

Fundamental technology are the technologies which give effective and efficient technological solutions to business and science problems.

Nanotechnology is a form which helps in enhancing the effect of fundamental technologies,like mechnics, electronics, physics , biological science etc.

Q)b) Role of naotechnology in Medicine:-

Nanomedicine is an application of nanotechnology used in the field of health and medicine. Nano-medicines use nano materials, and nano electronic biosensors, they help in early detection and prevention of the disease, in making improved diagnosis, also helps in proper treatment and follow-up of the disease. Few nano scale particles are also used as tags and labels, the testing process for detection of any disease has become more sensitive and more flexible today.

Gene sequencing has become more efficient by the use of nano devices like gold nano particles, these gold particles when tagged with short segments of DNA can be used for detection of genetic sequence in a sample.

By using nanotechnology, damaged tissue can be reproduced or repaired. These artificially stimulated cells are used in tissue engineering, it helps to a large extent in the transplantation of organs or artificial implants.

Advanced biosensors with some specific features can be developed, by using Carbon nano tubes. These biosensors can be used in astrobiology and can help in understanding the origins of life. This technology can also be used for developing sensors in cancer diagnostics.

Dendrimers, are less than 10 nm in size helps in controlled release drug delivery, and as image contrast agent.

Nano crystals, of 2-9.5 nm size causes improved formulation of poorly-soluble drugs, helps in labeling of breast cancer marker HeR2 surface of cancer cells.

Nano particles are of 10-1000 nm size are used in MRI and as ultrasound image contrast agents, for targeted drug delivery, also acts as a reporter of apoptosis and angiogenesis.

helps in early detection of Alzheimer's disease, nanobased drug delivery systems helps in treating tuberculosis,

Qc) Early forms of medicine were effective , but due to changing environment and development of drug resistant strains of microorgansms, there is necessity of new drugs and drug delivery systems. The molecular level of understanding of the body of human and disease causing organisms ,helped a lot in developing newer technologies, in the field of medicine.

Qd) When the diagnosis is accurate and made in time, there is better chance of a patient having a positive health outcome, because it will help more accurately in clinical decision making and understanding the patient’s health problem . In today's world diagnostic errors are clinically and financially costlier, the development of these diagnostic tests puts positive impact reducing the errors , helping the patient , doctor as well as the society.

Q )e) Nanotechnology is used in various ways in improving the environment , helping city planning , infrastructure and economy. It helps in cleaning up organic chemicals polluting groundwater,  iron nanoparticles help in cleaning organic solvents which pollute groundwater, it helps in generating less pollution while manufacturing materials, helps in increasing the electricity generated by windmills , Epoxy containing carbon nanotubes are used in making windmill blades. They help in making the blades stronger and lower the weight as a result more amount of electricity generated by windmills . Helps in producing solar cells which generate electricity at a lesser cost.

By all these it puts impact on city planning, infrastructure and in economic development , nanotechnology should be greatly used in making life easy and affordable.