Describe aspects of adolescent drinking. What risk factors are involved in determining if a teen has a potential for alcohol addiction? What interventions can be taken to encourage teens to avoid underage drinking.

IN 350-400 WORDS

Showing support, empathy, and using active listening skills when working with clients are soft skills which are critical to being an effective counselor. How might you use counseling theory to develop these skills?

Define what a theoretical orientation is. Report the three theories that you matched most closely to and explain whether you think the assessment was accurate and why. State the theory that was indicated as the worst match for your view of human nature, explain what makes this theory so different from your point of view.

ch5 Research Methods

THE IMPORTANCE OF BASELINES

Let’s imagine what might happen if you don’t use a proper research design. Sometimes you need a good design, even when you’re not doing research—when you’re working as a practitioner. Consider the case of Frank, a young man who was referred to the Psychology Service. He spent so many hours slapping his face, the staff had to restrain him. Before we started a behavioral intervention, we collected baseline data on his unrestrained frequency of self-injurious slapping. It was a good thing we did.

During eleven 30-minute observation periods, his frequency of face slapping rapidly dropped from over 600 an hour to nearly 0. But we hadn’t done anything! This was just baseline.

Consider this hypothetical situation: Imagine we had used a pharmacological intervention in which Frank took a tranquilizer every day in the hope that this would get rid of his face slapping. And suppose we had used the drug without getting baseline data first. It would have looked as if the drug had caused the decrease in slapping. Then Frank might have unnecessarily been on that drug the rest of his life!

Moral: We often need to collect baseline data to make sure our intervention, our independent variable, is causing any changes we see in the dependent variable. It’s important to be sure of what’s causing what, both for scientific and practical reasons. So, as scientific researchers we need to collect baselines, and even as practitioners, we sometimes need to collect baselines (for example, physicians often withhold the prescription of antibiotics for a few days to be sure the antibiotics are needed to cure your sore throat). Practitioners may need to collect baseline data when they’re not sure whether an elaborate, expensive, or potentially hazardous intervention is needed.

QUESTION

1.Give an example of the importance of collecting baseline data and what might happen if you didn’t.

25) Kathy has been having problems with her staff taking longer than normal breaks in a breakroom with very comfortable chairs and table and they invite employee to linger. Kathy ask you to design uncomfortable chairs and tables to discourage employees from lingering.

1. Are there any moral dilemmas, if any? In stating the dilemmas, make explicit the competing moral reasons involved.
2. Are there any ideas or concepts involved in dealing with the moral issues that should be clarified?
3. What factual inquiries are needed to make a reliable judgment about the case?
4. What are the options you see available for solving the dilemma?
5. Which of these options is required (obligatory) or permissible (acceptable)?

The process of becoming “male” or “female” begins during childhood and youth. Provide two specific examples of ways that parents start this process by “doing gender.” Provide two specific examples of ways that participating in sports reflects personality traits (e.g., gentleness versus competitiveness) commonly associated with women and men in the United States. How is this tied to the constructions of masculinity inherent in the “fag discourse” in U.S. high schools? (250 words)

describe an incident in which some one defined you as a deviant by others who had greater social power .Did the incident involve race, class and gender? How did this incident illustrates the importance of power in the process of defining what is and is not deviant?

As university students you are faced with a lot of stress in your day to day life. Discuss the coping mechanisms you utilize to help deal with acute, chronic, and anticipatory stress. Are your strategies adaptive and/or maladaptive? Why would people continue to engage in maladaptive coping strategies?

Who was Alger Hiss and why was he such an intriguing and explosive target?

How were Hiss and his trial significant to the Cold War as well as the career of Richard Nixon?

Was Hiss guilty as charged and was Chambers a credible witness? (Defend your answer!)

Identify what Helen Keller sees as the central conflict in her life story.

If one were to examine the clusters of experiences on the basis of similarity and resemblance, what would be some of the major themes running through her narrative?

concerns, issues, and theories of counseling men, and discuss potential areas you might excel in, as well as areas of the counseling experience you might struggle in as a woman, if you were to provide counseling to a man

As we moved from the assessment phase to the "therapy" part of counseling, we have had an opportunity to take a look at some of the different theories/types of counseling.

There are few graduate students in social sciences who have not seen the 1964 movie “Three approaches to psychotherapy”, a film developed by Everett Shostrom about the world of counseling and psychotherapy. This movie shows a real client “Gloria” being interviewed in turn by psychotherapists Carl Rogers (Person-Centered Therapy), Albert Ellis (Rational Emotive Therapy) and Fritz Perls (Gestalt Therapy).

As we discuss “helping” and “intervention” please see how each therapist approaches Gloria and her concerns in the links below. Look past the trappings of the early 1960s--the grainy black and white film, attire, and the ever present cigarette smoke—

1. What therapeutic intervention appears most helpful and what are the pros and cons of each approach?

2. How would you do, as a client, with a therapist who mainly listened in a non-committal way?

3. How would you respond to a therapist who is highly structured in their approach tackling rational and irrational belief systems?

4. How would you react to a therapist who is very directive?

Links:

Carl Rogers & Gloria

1. Who was Erik Homburger Erikson? What makes Erikson’s theory unque? What are the strengths and limitations of his theory?

2. Who was Piaget? Who played a major influence on Piaget’s theory? Describe his stages and what the child is learning to deal with in each stage. Why are teachers and educators interested in Piaget’s theory?

3. Who were some of the scholars associated with learning theory? What aspect of development does this approach help psychologist understand?

Define the following terms:

         Classical conditioning

         Operant Conditioning

         Stimulus generalization