Question

VARIABLES AFFECTING PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING: Pavlovian conditioning is not simply a matter of pairing two stimuli. There are many other variables at work. These include the way the CS (NS) and US are paired, the number of those pairings, the amount of experience with the CS(NS) before conditioning, and more. There are four basic conditioning procedures: trace, delay, simultaneous, and backward. Name the procedure (trace, delay, simultaneous, and backward) used in each of the following examples:

a. You are on the second floor of the building where you work. A siren sounds, and you are ordered to evacuate the building. This means going through a door and down a shaky outdoor fire escape ladder, which you find very unnerving. You can hear the alarm sounding as you descend the ladder. Procedure: ________________________________

b. You go to a class with a new instructor. When he asks a question, you raise your hand and offer an answer. He makes a very sarcastic remark about your answer. Procedure: __________________________________

c. You go down the stairs to your basement. When your reach the floor, you feel a blow to the back of your head. You fall forward but turn and see the face of an intruder as he races up the stairs. Procedure: ________________________________________

d. You are in a tropical jungle and are walking across a swinging bridge with wooden steps. You do not notice that one of the steps is cracked. You put your weight on the step, and just as you do so your companion sees the danger and says “Stop!” At the same moment, the step breaks and your foot goes through. Procedure: ________________________________________

Answer 1

A.

You are on the second floor of the building where you work. A siren sounds, and you are ordered to evacuate the building. This means going through a door and down a shaky outdoor fire escape ladder, which you find very unnerving. You can hear the alarm sounding as you descend the ladder. Procedure is:simultaneous conditioning metod.

B.

You go to a class with a new instructor. When he asks a question, you raise your hand and offer an answer. He makes a very sarcastic remark about your answer. Procedure: trace conditioning methods.

C.

You go down the stairs to your basement. When your reach the floor, you feel a blow to the back of your head. You fall forward but turn and see the face of an intruder as he races up the stairs. Procedure: backward conditioning procedure.

d. You are in a tropical jungle and are walking across a swinging bridge with wooden steps. You do not notice that one of the steps is cracked. You put your weight on the step, and just as you do so your companion sees the danger and says “Stop!” At the same moment, the step breaks and your foot goes through. Procedure: delayed conditioning procedure.