How did the lawyer, Andrew Hamilton, assert and protect the rights and liberty of the newspaper printer, John Peter Zenger?
How was James Alexander and Alexander Hamilton significant in the development of freedom of the press in America?

How is the job enrichment/job redesign approach to motivation different from the modified work schedules (flextime, compressed workweek) approach to motivation? Are there similarities between the two approaches? Explain your answer.

• For the following arguments, determine what statement is the conclusion and what statement/s are the premises. You may state it or underline it. Don't forget to look for indicator words as they will signal a conclusion or the premises. The next exercise, find the missing statement based on identification of the form.

1.      God is that than which none greater can be conceived. If God were just an idea we could easily conceive of something greater, namely, a God who actually existed. Therefore, if God is that than which none greater can be conceive, then God must exist. (St. Anselm)

2.      Titanium combines readily with oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen, all of which have an adverse effect on its mechanical properties. As a result, titanium must be processed in their absence. (World of Science Encyclopedia)

3.      Artists and poets look at the world and seek relationships and order. But they translate their ideas to canvas, or to marble, or into poetic images. Scientists try to find relationships between different objects and events. To express the order they find, they create hypotheses and theories. Thus, the great scientific theories are easily compared to great art and great literature. (Giancoli, The Ideas of Physics, 3^rd Ed.)

4.      Every art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good. For this reason, the good has rightly been declared to be that at which all things aim. (Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics)

5.      Al Gore has a clear vision of where this nation must go with regards to energy policies. Anyone who has such a vision can write his ticket into the 21^st century, and should be elected president. Al Gore is the right man to lead this country for the next four years. (Critical Thinking, Moore & Parker)

6.      The fact that there was never a land bridge between Australia and mainland Asia is evidenced by the fact that the animal species in the two areas are very different. Asian placental mammals and Australian marsupial mammals have not been in contact in the last several million years. (Price and Feinman, Images of the Past)

• Now try to find the missing premise or conclusion by way of the forms, either valid or invalid, that you learned. Write it into the blank and tell us what form it fulfills.

1) All bachelors are unmarried men.

     Ed is a bachelor.

Therefore, _______________________________

2) If you are rich then I am single.

     ________________________________

    You are not rich.

3) All teachers work hard.

    _______________________________

   All teachers pay taxes.

4) Either today is Tuesday or it is Wednesday.

    ___________________________________

Today is Tuesday.

1. Independent-Samples t Test

A researcher had participants sit in a “waiting area” prior to participating in a study. In the waiting area was an attractive or unattractive woman sitting in one of the chairs. In fact, the same woman was present in the waiting area and manipulated to look either attractive or unattractive (relatively speaking). The woman was a confederate in the study, meaning that, unbeknownst to participants, she was a co-researcher in the study. Participants were asked to sit in the waiting area until called upon. One group waited in the room with the attractive confederate; the other group waited in the room with the unattractive confederate. The distance (in feet) that participants sat from the confederate was considered a measure of attraction. The results are given below. It was hypothesized that if this was actually measuring attraction, then participants should sit closer (in feet) to the attractive versus the unattractive confederate. Test this hypothesis at a .05 level of significance (compute a two-tailed test).

Based on the table shown in SPSS, state the following values associated with the test statistics (assume equal variance):

Mean Difference: ______

t obtained: ______

Degrees of Freedom: ______

Significance (p-value): ______

Based on the value of the test statistic, what is the decision (highlight one):

Not Significant Significant

Write the statistic in APA format: ________________________

DSM-5: Topics: Topic-- Assessment Measures, Other Conditions that may be the Focus of Clinical Attention, and Cultural Formulation Interview, 715-727 & 733-759. explain what this chapter is ?

After reading Chapter 2, look at a specific tribal government organizational chart. (You can find and use an organizational chart from any federally recognized tribal government. Or you can use this one (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. or this one (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..) Then post a 300-500 word forum entry considering who the various stakeholders of a typical tribal government project might be and what sort of contributions, demands, impacts, etc. they would likely bring to a project.

Recognizing Crime Trends

Follow this link to the FBI 2014 Uniform Crime Report

Read the “Overview” included on the first page and view the “Five-Year Trend Violent Crime Offense Figure” at the bottom of the page. Next, go to Table 4 on the right hand side of the page and follow the link to additional crime statistics by Region, Geographic Division, and State. Find the area that you live in or an area you are interested in examining and review the statistics. Next, go to Table 6 on the right hand side of the page and follow that link to additional crime statistics by Metropolitan Statistical Areas. Find the area that you live in or are interested in and review the statistics. Feel free to navigate around the website and view any information that interests you.

Once you have reviewed the information, answer the following questions in the form of an essay:

1.    Did anything about the Five Year Violent Crime Offense Figure surprise you?

2.    Think about the information you hear regarding violent crime every day from all forms of the news media, social web site platforms and just in talking to your friends, family and other associates. Does what you hear on a daily basis from all of these sources give you the impression that violent crime has gone down significantly?

3.    Discuss the general trends that you see on Tables 4 and 6 as to where in the country violent crime is trending up or down. Identify the areas such as “Northeast”, “South” or name the states and what the trends seem to be.

4.    Explain in detail what you think causes the differences in perception and reality in regards to violent crime. Use information from your text, the lectures and your personal experiences.

5.    Describe in detail why is it important to have and use complete and accurate crime data. What can it be used for? What mistakes could be avoided if the crime information is accurate and complete? What would the advantage be to an individual or group to misstate crime volume and trends?

Your paper must be formatted in the following manner:

·         The paper must be 500-750 words in length. Only the body of the paper counts towards the length. No information that belongs on a title page or reference page will count towards the length requirement.

Using what you know about group differences, identify at least three possible reasons that minority-group students are not actively participating in classroom lessons.

One of the most fascinating phenomena in psychology is dissociative identity disorder (once known as “multiple personality disorder”). According to some psychologists, some people possess several distinct personalities, each of which is as rich and elaborate as the single personality that you yourself possess. As an example, at different times, a person with dissociative identity disorder might possess (a) a friendly, easygoing, and confident personality; (b) a shy, self-critical, and withdrawn personality; and (c) a grandiose, self-absorbed, manipulative personality. According to some psychologists, the different personalities of people with dissociative identity disorder may differ dramatically in their skill at particular tasks, their intelligence, or even their biological reactions to different allergens! To provide some empirical evidence for the existence of dissociative identity disorder, one psychologist repeatedly gave a standard intelligence test to a patient believed to be suffering from this problem. In particular, the psychologist asked a colleague who was blind to his hypothesis to administer the revised version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (the WAIS-R) to one of his clients on four different occasions. This particular client, whom we will call Cari, appeared to have 11 distinct personalities, and each time she took the test she identified herself as a different person.

The first personality to take the test was “Wanda,” who received a score of 114 (somewhat above average) on the WAIS-R. A week later, “Melanie” took the same test and received a score of 123 (clearly above average). The third week, “Jasmine” received a score of 140 (approaching the genius range). Finally, on the fourth week, “Bassandra” received a high but not amazing score of 131. The psychologist who had been treating Cari concluded that each of Cari’s personalities has a different IQ and that this finding supports the validity of dissociative identity disorder. Although there now appears to be some evidence for the existence of dissociative identity disorder, we would not place the evidence about Cari in that category.

1.Critique this researcher’s conclusion – what flaws in methodology are present?

2.Can you suggest some things the researcher could do to improve upon the design of his study?

What are the differences between centralization and decentralization? Which style should be used in the organizing and maintaining police forces

Part II: Causes

A.

Consider whether each of the following relationships is a causal relationship or merely a correlation.

Discuss how you would go about verifying which type it is. (10 points)

1. There has been an increase in the number of twins being born and a later age of marriage in the past

decade.

2. During the past decade there has been a decrease in the size of the Greenland ice cap and an increase in

the number of twins being born.

3. People who are members of a religious organization tend to be happier.

4. Jason drank nine bottles of beer at the party and is having trouble walking straight.

5. Almost all the animals that could flee to higher ground did so shortly before the tsunami struck Indonesia in

2004.

Does our language convey our thoughts?

Explain the arguments for and against Affirmative Action. Are programs like Affirmative Action still needed? Is the Texas plan to admit the top students from each high school a better alternative? Why or why not?

do you agree/disagree with the accepted/assumed analogy - that the two cases are similar - and why?

Passage:

I think that ... the fetus is not a person from the moment of conception. A newly
fertilized ovum, a newly implanted clump of cells, is no more a person than an acorn
is an oak tree. But I shall not discuss any of this. For it seems to me to be of great interest
to ask what happens if, for the sake of argument, we allow the premise [we assume
that the fetus is a person from the moment of conception]. How, precisely, are we
supposed to get from there to the conclusion that abortion is morally impermissible?
Opponents of abortion commonly spend most of their time establishing that the fetus
is a person, and hardly any time explaining the step from there to the impermissibility
of abortion.... I suggest that the step they take is neither easy nor obvious, that it calls
for closer examination than it is commonly given, and that when we do give it this closer
examination we shall feel inclined to reject it.

I propose, then, that we grant that the fetus is a person from the moment of conception.
How does the argument go from here? Something like this, I take it. Every person
has a right to life. So the fetus has a right to life. No doubt the mother has a right
to decide what shall happen in and to her body; everyone would grant that. But surely
a person's right to life is stronger and more stringent than the mother's right to decide
what happens in and to her body, and so outweighs it. So the fetus may not be killed; an abortion may not be performed.

It sounds plausible. But now let me ask you to imagine this. You wake up in the morning
and find yourself back to back in bed with an unconscious violinist. A famous, unconscious
violinist. He has been found to have a fatal kidney ailment, and the Society
of Music Lovers has canvassed all the available medical records and found that you
alone have the right blood to help. They have therefore kidnapped you, and last night
the violinist's circulatory system was plugged into yours, so that your kidneys can be
used to extract poisons from his blood as well as your own. The director of the hospital
now tells you, "Look, we're sorry the Society of Music Lovers did this to you-we would
never have permitted it if we had known. But still, they did it, and the violinist now is
plugged into you. To unplug you would be to kill him. But never mind, it's only for nine
months. By then he will have recovered from his ailment, and can be safely unplugged
from you."

Is it morally incumbent on you to accede to this situation? No doubt it would
be very nice of you if you did, a great kindness. But do you have to accede to it? What if it were not nine months, but nine years? Or longer still?

What if the director of the hospital says, "Tough luck, I agree, but you've now got to stay in bed, with the violinist
plugged into you for the rest of your life. Because remember this. All persons have a
right to life, and violinists are persons. Granted you have a right to decide what happens
in and to your body, but a person's right to life outweighs your right to decide what happens
in and to your body. So you cannot ever be unplugged from him." I imagine you
would regard this as outrageous, which suggests that something really is wrong with that plausible-sounding argument I mentioned a moment ago.

1. Are tests important as a prerequisite to counseling? Would you decide whether to test, or would you allow your client to make this decision?
2. Would you develop a contract with your client specifying what the client could expect from you and what the client wanted from counseling? Why or why not?
3. Would you be inclined to use directive, action-oriented techniques, such as homework assignments? Why or why not?