A circular concrete culvert has a diameter D = 4 ft, bottom slope S = 0.01,
and length L = 100 ft. The culvert inlet is grooved with a headwall and is
not mitered. Determine the maximum discharge this culvert can convey
under inlet control conditions if the headwater depth, HW, is not to exceed
6.0 ft.

1. The ordinates of a 6- hr unit hydrograph are given below. A storm had three successive 6 – hr intervals of rainfall magnitude of 3, 5, and 4 cm respectively. Assuming a Φ- index of 0.2 cm/hr and a base flow of 30 m³/s, determine the resulting hydrograph of flow (total flow).

A mass balance is performed for a treatment process consisting of a sedimentation tank followed by a mixing tank. First, 25097 m3/d of raw wastewater with solids concentration of 180 mg/l flows into the sedimentation tank. 97% of the incoming solids end up in the sludge. The effluent flows at a rate of 1040 m3/hr. Next, the effluent of the sedimentation tank enters the mixing tank where it is mixed with pure filtered water. Assume that the density is the same for all streams. Calculate the following: a) Flow (m3/d) of the sludge in the sedimentation tank. b) Solids concentration (mg/l) of the effluent in the sedimentation tank. c) Flow (m3/d) of the pure filtered water, knowing that that the final effluent of the mixing tank will be used in irrigation with a ma ximum solids concentration of 97 mg/l.

If 197 mg of HCL is added to 1 L of solution with a pH of 3, what is the final pH? HCL ↔ H+ + CL-

8. (a) Classify the quadric surface 4? 2 − ? + 2? 2 = 0. [4 points]

(b) Find the traces of the above surface in xy, xz, yz-plane respectively. [6 points]

Discuss MODFLOW briefly (~ 250 words)

Problem One. Steel Beam: Design lightest and most economical girder that carries two equal concentrated loads that are equally spaced on a beam that is 18”0” long with pinned ends.   The individual load is 8,000 pounds. The material is hot rolled structural steel per ASTM A-36. Design factor of safety is 1.5 and the maximum deflection over the total span is the span in inches divided by 360. Use may use either wide flange or I beam for your beam.   Develop the load, shear, moment, and deflection diagrams with labels. The cost per pound for hot rolled structural steel is $1.15 per pound. Create a table of results and designate the best design.

Problem Two. Wood Beam:   Using Southern Pine (S4S) simple supported joists, what is the Live Load (LL) and the Dead Load (DL) (which is 14% of the total load) that a two 2x12 can safely carry if the joist spacing is 16 inches and the span is 14”0”.   Show your work and justify your answers.

Data from field investigation:

• The survey conducted by getting information from various sources including the statistical records in the respective ministries, municipality and mukhtars has resulted in a population figure of 85,600 persons at present residing in the town under design. Review of the previous statistics has shown that the average yearly rate at which the population has been steadily increasing is 1.75%.
• Further investigations from neighboring communities that lead similar sociological conditions and considering the water demanded by the existing and possible future industrial and commercial organizations has indicated that a supply of 250 L/person/day would be ample to cover all the needs of the community.
• As for the available sources of supply, it was determined that the most suitable source is that of a lake formed of an impounding reservoir that is present within reasonable distance from the town.  This lake is located about 3km from the town at an elevation of 363m above seawater level while the town elevation is at 324m. Records show that the level of the water in the lake varies between the maximum winter level and the minimum summer level by 4m while maintaining a minimum water depth of 4 m.
• The quality of the water in the lake varies appreciably between the four seasons, whereby during the fall and winter seasons the turbidity of the water builds up to 275 mg/L, while during the spring and summer the turbidity drops down to less than 10 mg/L. No toxic impurities were detected in the water, besides the water is relatively soft with low concentrations of Ca and Mg. Limited concentration of microorganisms were detected but not of major importance.
• A survey on the site for the treatment plant resulted in selecting a site, with a reasonable cost, of an area of 3000 m2 that is located at about 1000 meters away from the lake at an elevation of 330 m.

• Determine the design period and design population.
• Determine the design quantity of water that is to be treated taking into consideration the water that could be lost under various operations in the treatment process to be estimated at 6%.
• Determine the type of treatment that to be adopted.
• Determine the components of the treatment plant
• Determine the design criteria for each component. The expected operating temperature is 25˚C.
• Determine a preliminary cost estimate for the plant (refer to the internet on cost estimate of (type) water treatment per cubic meter).

Write a detailed note on effects of atmospheric hazards on human life. Note: Plagiarism of assignment must be under 12%.

Give 5 Innovative Construction Project/Materials and site its respective concepts and ideas on how it is being useful in the construction industry.

(Note: Send it on a word file. Showing the images of such innovative projects/materials, will have an additional points.)

Select a lightest American Standard Channel that will safely support a tensile dead load of R/2.5 kN and a tensile live load of R/2.0 kN. The member is 5m long and is i to have one hole for an 18 mm bolt through each flange. Use U=0.85, A36 the AISC Specification.
take R=1618

Design a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) to manage forest fires.