Waste water treatment is a crucial process to ensure that the waste water can be safely recycled back to the environment. However, there are certain challenges or issues related to this waste water treatment that can endanger the environment. In your opinion (supported by journal or academic references), what are those challenges and how can civil engineers prevent those happening>

Give an example and explain in detai lwhat measures you would undertake to calibrate and validate your mode lin SIDRA.

1. How is BOQ (Bill of Quantities) related to change order payment in construction projects?

2. Explain if owner has direct relationship with the subcontractors. What happens if the owner interferes into the work of the subcontractors.

the reinforced concrete tied column that is part of braced frame sized to the dimensions 375mm by 300mm .the column carries vertical ultimate load Pu=490kN (dead load only PD=134kN) and ultimate moment about strong axis Mu=110kN at top and Mu=117kN at bottom bent column in single curvature. if the clear height of the column Lu=4.80m k=0.83f'c=28MPa and fy=420 MPa , determine the reinforcement required

Design of Rectangular Beams with Tension Reinforcement Design a rectangular beam section (i.e., select b, h, and the required tension reinforcement) at midspan for a 22 ft-span simply supported beam that supports its own self-weight, a superimposed uniform dead load of 1.25 kip/ft, and a uniform live load of 2 kip/ft. The material properties are f 0 c = 4, 500 psi and fy = 60, 000 psi. Consider a clear cover of 1.5 inches to the #4 stirrups. Follow the procedure described in Example 1 of the class lecture notes; i.e., you start with an assumed reinforcement ratio and then determine tentative values for b and d. For the initial guess, you may estimate a self weight of 0.40 kip/ft (approximately 12% of 1.25+2 kip/ft)

Explain what is meant by "Rigid Perimeter" in high buildings and when is it used?

An irrigation canal with trapezoidal cross-section has the following elements: bottom width = 2m, depth of water = 0.9m, side slope 1.5H to 1V, slope of canal bed = 0.001, n = 0.025. The canal will serve clay-loam rice land.

What is the hydraulic radius in meters?

What is the mean velocity in m/s?

If the canal will serve a clay-load rice land, determine the area in hectares it can serve if the duty of water per hectare is 3L/s.

A rectangular channel 6m wide by 1m deep is lain on slope of 0.001 and has roughness coefficient of n = 0.013.

What is the mean velocity of flow (m/s) when the canal is full?

What is the maximum capacity of the channel in m³/s?

If the most efficient rectangular section is used, what depth of canal is required for the same discharge, slope, and roughness coefficient?

A trapezoidal concrete dam (s = 2.4) 8.1m high and a horizontal base 10m long has a vertical upstream side. The downstream face is sloping 2-horizontal to 3-vertical. Water stands 7m on one side.

Compute for the total weight of the dam.

What is the overturning moment?

Where will the resultant force cut the base from the toe?

Problem 1: Four design alternatives were proposed. Each design alternative has unique costs and benefits. Given the information for the four mutually exclusive in the table below, recommend the best alternative using the incremental B/C ratio analysis method knowing that the MARR is 6%. (Use the PW in your calculation)

Alternative 1 2 3 4
Capital investment cost $ 12500 11000 12500 16800
Annual operating and maintenance cost $ 120 480 450 140
Annual utility savings $ 580 700 950 1300
Annual revenue $ 700 550 200 250
Annual other benefit $ 400 750 150 500
Project life in years 40 40 40 40

What are the objectives of the storm sewer system design?

As regarding the concrete lab, you will be required to fabricate 6 standard concrete
cubes (100 mm) for compression testing.
Mass ratios:
Mix 1 (30 MPa) – 1:2:4 with w/c = 0.6
Specific gravity of materials:
Cement: 3.15
Fine and coarse aggregate: 2.60

Calculate the Quantity of material?

10) LIST AT LEAST 3 CONCRETE ADMIXTURES THAT HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED IN THIS CENTURY (2000-2020), AND EXPLAIN:

a) Use or Application

b) Typical Dosage

c) Advantages

d) Disadvantages

type please

A 40 m long concrete box culvert (n = 0.012) will be laid on a slope S =
0.001. The inlet will have a headwall parallel the embankment and the
entrance will be beveled on three sides. What should be the width, b, of
the culvert if D = 1 m TW = 1.1 m, Q = 1.8 m3/s, and the HW < 3.0 m.
Assume that the outlet creates the maximum headwater for your solution.