why we don't use density，average speed，and volume to describe the intersection LOS(LEVEL OF SERVICE)

Compare the methods of measuring tensile strength by (a) direct tension; (b) splitting tension; (c) flexure.

What is truly elastic material? Is concrete truly elastic? If not, why? Describe the various stages of micro cracking when a concrete specimen is loaded to failure (please use sketches to explain the behavior and the micro cracking).

1. What is the best system to use for thermal control?
2. When would perimeter radiant heating be most logical as the primary means of thermal control?
3. What are some of the benefits of a central environmental control system over distributed "individual" systems?
4. What are some of the benefits of using distributed "individual" systems over a central environmental control system?
5. Sustainability ("Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs") is often assumed to be concerned with reducing energy use, minimizing environmental pollution, maximizing our natural resources, and even providing economic savings. How might these related concerns actually be in conflict with each other?

The detail of column and pad footing are as under:                                                                             [5]

                Size of column: 300 mm x 300 mm.                                                                                           

Live load on column: 900 kN.

Dead load on column: 1200 kN.

Soil Bearing Pressure: 180 kN/m² and Depth of footing as 400 mm

Nominal cover: 50 mm and 20 mm diameter bars for reinforcement

1. Design the footing for bending.     
2. Check the footing in two way shear.         

iii. Write the reasons for considering the service loads for dimensioning of the footing and factored loads for calculating the factored soil pressure.

2. Consider f_cu=40 N/mm², f_y=460 N/mm², severe exposure condition and 2 hours of fire resistance for all the questions.
3. Use B.S 8110 for all your calculations and references.
4. Draw the structural detailing after designing each member for all the questions.
5. Unit weight of concrete as 25 kN/m³

Determine the shear stress developed on a 3-m circular shaft with D=250 mm, G = 83GPa applied with the torque, T = 100 kN-m,

a. at the center of the cross-section

b. at a point 50 mm away from the center

c. at a point 100 mm away from the center

d. maximum distance from the center

The service load bending moments on a beam are 128 kip-ft for dead load and 107 kip-ft for live load. The beam is 12 in. wide, f’c is 3000 psi and fy is 60 ksi. Determine Mu, Mt, p, R, the depth of the beam and the As of tensile reinforcing required. How many no. 8 bars or No. 10 bars would have the required As?

Explain how Design-Bid-Build and Design-Build project delivery methods can differently affect on management of project changes, claims, and disputes (Max 200 words).             

What is the typical approach in the contracts to shift the project risk to the other contracting party? What are the usual consequences of this inequitable risk assignment? Provide an example of contract provisions that are typically used to shift the project risk to other parties (Max 200 words).

Q5 Before carrying out rectification being an engineer how you will do the task preparation.

what are the interior and exterior facilities required to construct an amusement park

details of infrastructure of an amusement park

The column of a ten-story concrete structure is considered short column and is under axial loading of 900 kips dead and 400 kips live load. Design a square column using f'c=5000 psf and fy=60000 psi. Determine vertical reinforcement and ties and draw a sketch. Follow all requirements of ACI.

The air exchange coefficient for my home has been determined to be 0.35 hr-1. My house volume is 13,757 ft3. Assume a constant house temperature of 67 F.
For the West Face Wall, Area = 693 ft^2, total R-value (or U-value) = 5.53 ft^2- F- hr / Btu.

Calculate:

[15] 1b the heat loss through the west wall for December 17 (average daily temperature was 1 °F). Note
that the HDD value needs to be multiplied by 24 (24 hrs / day) to get the daily heat flux value
since R has units in hours.

[20]1c. The energy needed to heat air for Dec 17 (average daily temperature was 1 °F).