Please show all work and formulas used. Thanks!

The following data are given for an activated sludge process:

Q = 5 MGD

BOD₅ (influent) = 250 mg/L (soluble)

BOD₅ (effluent) = 20 mg/L (soluble)

MCRT = 10 days

MLSS in the aeration tank = 2500 mg/L

Concentration of SS in the recycle line = 10,000 mg/L

Concentration of SS in the effluent = 30 mg/L (70% biodegradable)

BOD₅/BOD_u = 0.75, No nutrient limitations.

Yield co-efficient, Y = 0.65

Endogenouse decay coefficient, k_d = 0.06/day

Determine:

(a) Find soluble BOD₅ (in mg/L) in the effluent, BOD₅ treatment efficiency (in %) and overall efficiency (in %).

(b) Find hydraulic detention time (in hours) and the volume of tank (in MG).

(c) Y_obs and biomass production (in lb VSS/day)

(d) Q_w (in MGD) when the wasting from the AT and from recycle line.

(e) Recirculation ratio

(f) Find Specific Utilization rate (U) and food to microorganism (F/M) ratio

(g) Calculate volumetric loading rate (lb BOD₅ /1000 ft³)

All the remote learning and telecommuting during shelter-in-place means and increase in residential energy use from more people being home. Assume that a 60 watt incandescent lightbulb in each of the approximately 128 million U.S. household just burned out, and everyone is debating whether to replace it with another 60-W incandescent bulb or a 8.5-W light-emitting diode (LED). Assume that the 60-W incandescent and the 8.5-W LED deliver the same quantity of light. Assume an average emission factor for U.S. electricity of 119 gC/kWh and an average cost of $0.13.3/kWh. A typical LED bulb costs $2.37 and has a lifetime of 15,000 hours. A typical incandescent bulb costs $1.79 and has a lifetime of 1,000 hours.

1. Calculate the annual electricity savings from lighting if everyone chose the LED bulb. Assume the light is on for an average of 15 hours each day. Express your answer in kWh/year. [2 points]

2. Calculate the cost-of-avoided-carbon associated with investing in the LED rather than the incandescent (i.e., what is the cost of implementing this efficiency measure and what amount of carbon does implementing this efficiency measure avoid?). Express your answer in $/kgC.[Hint: Assess the relative costs and savings over a 15,000-hour time horizon. Note that you would need to purchase 15 incandescent bulbs to equal the lifetime of one LED.] [3 points]

3. Suggest two other energy-use energy efficiency strategies that could help avoid the shelter-in-place increase in residential energy use [2 points]

A base for an airport runway, 100 m wide, 2000 m long and 500 mm thick, is to be constructed out of a clayey sand excavated from a nearby borrow pit, where the in situ water content is 6%. This soil is being transported in trucks having a capacity of 8 m 3 , where each load weighs 13200 kg. In the subbase course, the soil will be placed at a water content of 14.2% to a dry density of 1890 kg/m 3 . (1000 litres = 1m3 ) (a) How many truck loads will be required to complete the job? (7 points) (b) How many litres of water should be added to each truck load? (7 points) (c) If the base becomes saturated later, without any change in volume, what would be the water content? Assume Gs = 2.7.

1. An existing urban freeway with 4 lanes in each direction has the following characteristics:
   • Peak hour volume (in peak direction) 7,070 veh/hr
   • Trucks: 10%,
   • 2,012 vehicles observed in the peak 15-minute time period
   • Lane width = 11’
   • 4’ right side lateral clearance
   • 1.8 ramps per mile
   • Rolling terrain

Determine the LOS in the peak hour.  Clearly show your results for freeflow speed, demand flow rate, capacity, mean operating speed, and density along with the LOS.

Write a function script DirCos.m that takes a vector (any row or column array) as the argument and returns the direction cosines for that vector. This is for a MatLab script

) In the calculation of gradually varied water surface profiles; a. When should calculations be done in downstream to upstream order, instead of upstream to downstream order? b. What are some fundamental differences between the Standard Step vs Direct Step methods?

Compare and contrast the open traverse, closed loop traverse, and link traverse.

List four key sections of the Clean Water Act for watershed management, then briefly describe how each one you chose can assist with improving the physical and or biological condition(s) of the watershed.

Calculate discharge required for irrigation (Irrigation demand) for given condition. Also design well diameter to pump calculated discharge for the soil of hydraulic conductivity 8.42 m/d of unconfined aquifer. Observation well, which is about 200 ft from well shows constant water table of aquifer is 100 ft. You are allowed to draw-down maximum 60 ft of water table when pumping discharge

Irrigation Month = July
Irrigation type = Surface
Irrigation System = Graded Furrow and Corrugations Silty Clay Loam
Soil type=Silty Clay Loam/Soil

Vegetation type=Grass pasture
Application efficiency of irrigation system= 60%
Hours of operation of the system per day=H=12hour
Area of irrigation field=A=45 Acre
Soil depth=D=3ft
Managing root depth=RD=4ft
Available Water Capacity=DAWC1=0.22  in/in 0- 24 inch of soil depth
Available Water Capacity=DAWC2=0.12 in/in24- 36 inch of soil depth

Comparison of two hypothetical cases:

Project 1: New construction of a highrise building in Wall Street, Manhattan, NYC.

Project 2: New construction of LNG tanks in Cameron, Louisiana

Two projects are greatly different in terms of project type and location. Discuss and compare unique impacts on the environment and public that may occur in each project.

2. Current codes indicate the maximum anticipated sustained wind speed in Continental US is 150 mph. Using Bernoulli's equation calculate the associated stagnation pressure.

explain the role of vastu Shasta in building planning

The concentration of toluene at the stack is 100 ppm and the polluted air is emitted at 100 m3/minute. The density of toluene is about 0.9 g/mL.   Pressure=1atm and temperature = 298K The stack height is 100m. The plume rise is 30 m. Estimate the down wind, centerline, ground-level concentration, at a down wind distance of 5000 meters from the stack. The atmospheric stability is class D, and the wind speed at a stack height is 5.0 m/s. ANSWER 0.54 ug/m3

Using Gaussian dispersion equations, the stability class, and dispersion coefficient data for a source emitting SO2 at a rate of 50 g/sec on a very sunny summer day with a wind speed at anemometer height of 2.9 m/sec, and effective stack height of 30 m at temperature = 293K, determine the stability class and dispersion coefficients for receptor distances of 200, 500, 800 m and 1000 m. Calculate and draw the ground level concentrations in ppbv as a function of distance (T=20 Celsius and P =1atm). The wind exponential coefficient = 0.2. ANSWER: Class B

Include the following test result and discussion:

The specific gravities and weight proportions for aggregates and bitumen at certain asphalt content are given in the table below, assuming the asphalt absorption is zero. Find the air voids, volume of the bitumen, voids in mineral aggregates, and the voids filled with asphalt. Weight of the sample in the water is 1470 gm.