Evidence is fairly strong that chlorine, used for wastewater disinfection, combines with organic material in wastewater to form trihalomethane and other disinfection byproducts that are suspected human carcinogens. Despite this health risk, chlorine remains the predominant disinfection method. Explain why.

For Broad crested weir Experiment:

i. Does the magnitude of the flow-rate affect the discharge coefficient Cd?

ii. Does Cd increase or decrease with increasing flow-rate?
iii. What is the pattern of the water as it passes over the weir?
iv. Would you expect the length of the weir crest to affect the discharge coefficient Cd?
v. What is the effect of drowning the weir (increasing the downstream depth)?

Describe the mechanism of failure of Reinforced Concrete beam in bending        

1.Demonstrate with the aid of atleast 5 suitable examples the method of determining integrating factors of non-exact differential equations by visual inspection.

2. Describe using clear illustrations 5 typical applications of differential equations in engineering.

Briefly describe the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) with a general arrangement diagram.

Provide a detailed overview of the wastewater treament pump (any mid-sized pump will work) including its horsepower, system head curves, and pump curve.

1) Design a Tied column to support axial Dead load D = 280 K and axial live load = 500 k, initially assume 2% longitudinal reinforcement f’c = 4000 psi, fy = 60,000 psi.

2) Sketch the column cross-section and show long bars and ties

Briefly explain, in your own words, the meaning of Consolidation settlement.

What are the various challenges in designing a wastewater treatment plant? Provide, at least three, and a way to address these challenges.

How to reduce environmental impacts of cement manufacturing ?

How to assess the sustainability of a wastewater treatment? Please provide as much details as possible. Thanks!

Q1) Trusses are made up of top and bottom ...? that resist tension and compression due to bending and triangulated …? members that resist shear.

Q2) In general, the longer the load pathfrom point of application to the foundation, and the greater the number of elements involved along that path, the greater the efficiencyand economy of the structure.

TRUE OR FLASE

Q3) The magnitude of the distributed load on a beam is dictated by its span.

TRUE OR FALSE

Q4)Moment of inertia and beam capacity are increased when cross-sectional area is shifted away from the neutral axis.

TRUE OR FALSE

Consider a W30x99 beam (Fy = 60 ksi) that is simply supported, 30 ft. long, and subjected to a point load
at the midspan. The point service load consists of 60% live load and 40% dead load. Lateral supports exist
at the ends only. Design code to comply with: 2016 AISC LRFD.

(a) Determine the maximum point service load P for strong-axis bending assuming Cb = 1.0.
(b) Redetermine the maximum point service load P for strong-axis bending considering proper Cb value.