Explain why change orders can result in an issue of ethics in construction. Essay format

A series of vertical curves connect a 3% upgrade, a 2% downgrade, and another 3% upgrade moving west to east. These curves are designed such that they connect directly to one another (i.e., the PVT of the first curve is the PVC of the second curve). If the design speed of the alignment is 60 mi/h, what is the elevation difference between the two road segments (i.e., the vertical difference between the PVC of the first curve and the PVT of the second curve)? (20 points)

A horizontal curve along a two-lane highway with 12-ft lanes is designed with a central angle of 29.93 degrees and a superelevation rate of 8 percent. The station of the PC and PI are 100+00.00 and 103+22.36, respectively. Given this information:

a. Determine the design speed of this curve. (12 points)

b. Calculate the distance that must be cleared from the center of the inside lane in order to provide sufficient stopping sight distance (8 points)

Direct shear tests were performed on a dry, sandy soil. The size of the specimen was 50 mm x 50 mm x 20 mm (LxWxH). Test results are given in the following table. Find the shear stress parameters. Estimate the major and minor principal stresses, and the orientation of the principal stresses at failure for Test 2

Rainfall rates for successive 20-min periods of a 140-min storm are 1.5, 1.5, 6.0, 4.0, 1.0, 0.8, and 3.2 in/hr, totaling 6.0 in. Determine the rainfall excesses for successive periods by the Green-Ampt model and then report the cumulative storm runoff [in] below. Assume a saturate hydraulic conductivity of 0.8 in/hr, a porosity of 0.62, an initial moisture content of 0.28, and an average capillary suction of 7.2 in. The depression storage is 0.5 in.

. In three sentences or less, explain why traffic density and speed are related.

2. A pump delivers 30o C water from a supply reservoir to an elevated storage tank at a discharge rate of 120 litres/sec. At this discharge the manufacturer’s data indicates the net positive suction head (NPSH) for the pump is 6.0 m. The water surface elevation difference between the reservoir and the tank is 45.0 m. The total length of pipe between the two is 150.0 m, 10.0 m of which is located on the suction side of the pump. Minor loss coefficients in the 10.0 m suction pipe total to 3.7. The pipe material is ductile iron and has an inside diameter of 35.0 cm. If the pump is located 1.0 m to 3.0 m above the water surface in the supply reservoir (the height of the pump above the water surface varies because the water surface in the reservoir can vary), will the pump be susceptible to cavitation?

8. A water treatment plant with a surface water intake source is being designed for a municipality that has a water demand of 18 million gallons per day (MGD). It has been determined that the maximum daily summertime water temperature is 20oC, and the minimum daily wintertime water temperature is 5oC. It has been determined that the design of the disinfection system must achieve 2.5-log credit for Cryptosporidium removal or inactivation. Ozone will be used as the disinfectant with a concentration of 0.4 mg/L. If the contact basin is designed with three separate tanks in parallel, what volume should each tank be? In formulating your answer, use the Ct table specified in LT2ESWTR (provided below). Assume that the contact basins will behave as ideal plug flow reactors.

A facility emits 18 g SO₂ /s at an effective height of 60m. On a cloudy night, an anemometer at a height of 10 m above ground measures the wind-speed at 3.2 m/s.

1. Predict the ground-level SO₂ concentration 0.4 km directly downwind. (60 pts.)
2. What does the plume look like? Sketch a plot. (20 pts.)
3. What would the plume look like if there were an inversion layer at an elevation of 100 m? Sketch a plot. (20 pts.)

If a ground water contains H2S at concentration of 2 mg/L, determine the concentration of H2S in head space of a closed tank containing the ground water at at 20 ^oC. Given that for H2S, Henry’s constant (H) is equal to 5.15×10² atm at 20 ^oC.

Prepare a project plan for 'Project Infiltration' by illustrating the logical sequence developing of a Project Plan. Make use of a diagram to illustrate the Project Plan.

Using the information in the Case Study, compile a WBS (work breakdown structure) for all the tasks included in 'Project Infiltration'. Draw a bar chart to suit the tasks for 'Project Infiltration'.

Explain the characteristics of the bar chart, and briefly discuss the shortcomings of a bar chart. Discuss the shortcomings of 'Project Infiltration' bar chart.

Draw a Project Network Plan for 'Project Infiltration' and indicate how the duration should be calculated. Calculate the float and explain the advantage of a float

CASE STUDY: PROJECT MANAGEMENT
GPM was established in 2010 by three young entrepreneurs. You and two friends registered a closed corporation (GPM-Consultants cc), and the core deliverable (or service offered) is managing projects on behalf of medium to large organizations and enterprises.The assignment that needs to be submitted for marking is about you managing a project on behalf of a GPM-Consultant cc client: TECNI Wholesalers. TECNI Wholesalers' brief (what they want done) to you is as follows: TECNI Wholesalers is currently only operating in the major provinces of South Africa. These are – Gauteng, Western Cape, and KwaZulu-Natal. They have just completed a major investment process, and organisation expansion. TECNI Wholesalers has obtained the services of GPM-Consultants cc to manage 'Project Infiltration', which will result in TECNI Wholesalers operating in all nine provinces of South Africa, and increasing their supplier base from 68 retail stores to 850 retail stores country wide. TECNI Wholesalers currently has a staff complement of 147; 72 at the head office in Sandton, Gauteng, and 25 each in a distribution depot per province, and this includes the drivers. They have 14 medium-sized trucks for deliveries (6 in Gauteng, and 4 each in KwaZulu-Natal and the Western Cape). TECNI Wholesalers cc has allocated R4.8 million to 'Project Infiltration'. This amount includes GPM Consultants cc fee (10% of gross project value), with the following specifications: Setting up and staffing distribution depots in every one of the six provinces they are not currently operating in. This includes the expansion of head office to accommodate the servicing of the additional depots country wide.
 Suitable premises acquisition in Mpumalanga; Limpopo, Eastern Cape
 Suitable premises for rent, with a paid upfront 12 month contract
 Recruit suitable staffing requirement for each province
 Purchase suitable vehicles and trucks for each depot
 Furnish and equip depots
 Arrange for suitable insurance cover
TECNI Wholesalers has allocated an additional R5 million for stocking the warehouses with the products that they sell and distribute.