Question

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1)What is the functional unit of the kidney

2)What are the two parts of this unit?

3)What are each of these parts primarily responsible for?

4)Why do we need our kidneys to perform their job?

5)Why do we need our kidneys to perform their job?

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8. Identify the preservative: p. 340, 10^th ed. “Other Agents”

a.) _________________________________ to preserve dried fruits and molasses.

b.) _________________________________ used to retard mold in bread.

c.) _________________________________ used to preserve cured meats and some cold cuts.

d.) ___________ was a “wonder chemical” after WWII because it helped 1 billion people lived malaria-free.

b.) An antiseptic containing Hexachlorophene called phisohex was used extensively in hospitals in the past but is now banned. Why? see PUBLIC HEALTH BOX

_______________________________________________________________________________________

c.) What are alkylating agents and why these chemicals can cause cancer? Give an example. ___________________________________________________________________________________

d.) Ethylene oxide is used at a concentration of _________________at __________ (what temperature?) for _____________ (how long/length of time?).  

4. a) Why are bar soaps illegal in many public restrooms?

Answer 1

1.) Functional unit of the kidney: Nephron

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney because it is the smallest kidney structure that can perform its functions. Each kidney comprises about 1 million nephrons.

2.) Two parts of this unit:

A nephron is composed of two parts, a renal corpuscle, and a renal tubule.

Renal Corpuscle: It is the initial filtering component.

Renal Tubule: It processes and carries away the filtered fluid.

3.) What are each of these parts primarily responsible for?

Renal corpuscle:

The renal corpuscle is responsible for plasma filtration and is composed of the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule.

The glomerulus filters the blood, and Bowman's capsule collects and directs the filtered molecules into the tubing of nephrons.

The renal corpuscle has two poles, one vascular pole and one tubular pole. At the vascular pole, the renal circulating arterioles enter and leave the glomerulus, while the glomerular filtrate exits the Bowman's capsule at the renal tubule at the urinary pole.

Renal Tubule:

The renal tubules reabsorb valuable compounds such as amino acids, glucose, and other ions, in order to expel them back into the bloodstream. They also actively secrete various substances into the filtrate, such as hydrogen ions, creatinine, and drug metabolites.

The components of renal tubule are, proximal Convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal convoluted tubule, and Connecting tubule.

4.) Why do we need our kidneys to perform their job?

The kidney plays a major role in keeping our body functioning properly. Here are the top five tasks a balanced kidney does:

· The kidneys act as a filter to remove waste and extra fluid. Every day our kidneys filter about 200 quarts of blood to make about 1 to 2 quarters of urine.

· The kidneys need the pressure to function properly. If it seems too low, the kidneys may ask for higher pressure or try to lower pressure if it appears too high by controlling fluid levels and making the hormone that causes the blood vessels to constrict.

· Kidneys produce a hormone called erythropoietin, which allows the bone marrow to make red blood cells, and Red blood cells bring oxygen from the lungs to provide our body with all its needs.

· The kidneys contain an active form of vitamin D, which is required to absorb calcium and phosphorus

· The kidneys balance the body 's pH by either removing or adjusting the correct amount of acid and buffering agents.