8.) Name the locations where you would typical find the following tissue types: stratified squamous epithelium, pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, transitional epithelium
9.) Describe the organizational chart.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Fill in the table below:
|
JOINTS: FUNCTIONAL CATEGORY |
JOINTS: STRUCTURAL CATEGORY |
DESCRIPTION |
EXAMPLE |
|
Synarthrosis |
Gomphosis |
Immovable joint; binds teeth to bony sockets in mandible and maxilla |
Connection between tooth and socket |
|
Synarthrosis |
Suture |
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|
Synarthosis |
Synchondroses |
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|
Synarthrosis |
Synostosis |
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Amphiarthrosis |
Syndesmosis |
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|
Amphiarthrosis |
Symphysis |
||
|
Diarthrosis |
Synovial: Monoaxial |
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|
Diarthrosis |
Synovial: Biaxial |
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|
Diarthrosis |
Synovial: Triaxial |
In: Anatomy and Physiology
1. What are the problems of the portal blood returning to the caval/systemic circulation in liver cirrhosis? (Answer: 2 sentences)
2. What are the 2 vessels on the esophagus that are communicating in the portocaval anastomosis? What is Caput Medusae? (Answer: 1 sentence)
3. Why esophageal varices develop? What is their danger? (Answer: 2 sentences)
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Please match all terms
_________ 1. Retraction A. movement away from the midline
_________ 2. Dorsiflexion B. movement to turn foot outward
_________ 3. Eversion C. palm moved to face posteriorly
_________ 4. Inversion D. palm moved to face anteriorly
_________ 5. Pronation E. movement to posterior plane
_________ 6. Plantar flexion F. movement to stand on tiptoes
_________ 7. Protraction G. movement in anterior plane
_________ 8. Supination H. movement to turn foot inward
_________ 9. Adduction I. movement to stand on heels
_________ 10. Abduction J. movement toward midline
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Please complete entire table:
Muscles of the pelvis and lower limbs:
|
Muscle |
Origin/Insertion |
Primary Action |
|
Gluteus maximus |
O: Ileum, sacrum, and coccyx I: IT band and femur |
Hip extension |
|
Sartorius |
||
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Hamstrings (group) -Biceps femoris -Semimembranosus -Semitendinosus |
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Quadriceps muscles (group) -Rectus femoris -Vastus lateralis -Vastus medialis -Vastis intermedius |
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Gastrocnemius *Achilles tendon |
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Soleus *Achilles tendon |
||
|
Tibialis anterior |
In: Anatomy and Physiology
The chemical Bay K8644 is an activator of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. If you were to inject this chemical into a frog, how would you predict neuron function would be affected? Make sure you describe how an action potential reaching the synapse results in a response in the post-synaptic cell (i.e. what are the steps involved in chemical synapse function)?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Fill in the Table Below:
|
Muscle |
Origin and Insertion |
Primary Action |
|
Occipitofrontalis |
O: epicranial aponeurosis I: skin superior to supraorbital margin |
Raises eyebrows |
|
Oribulari oculi |
||
|
Zygomaticus major |
||
|
Orbicularis oris |
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|
Masseter |
||
|
Buccinator |
||
|
Sternocleidomastoid |
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Please complete entire table
Muscles of the trunk (posterior):
|
Muscle |
Origin/Insertion |
Primary Action |
|
Trapezius |
O: occipital bone and spinous processes of all thoracic vertebrae I: clavicle and scapula |
Extends neck |
|
Deltoid |
||
|
Latissimus dorsi |
Muscles of the arm and forearm:
|
Muscle |
Origin/Insertion |
Primary Action |
|
Biceps brachii |
O: scapula I: radius |
Flexion at elbow |
|
Brachialis |
||
|
Brachioradialis |
||
|
Triceps brachii |
||
|
Flexor carpi ulnaris |
||
|
Extensor carpi ulnaris |
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Please complete entire table
Muscles of the trunk (anterior):
|
Muscle |
Origin/Insertion |
Primary Action |
|
Pectoralis minor |
O: ribs I: coracoid process of scapula |
Depresses shoulder |
|
Pectoralis major |
||
|
Internal Intercostal |
||
|
External Intercostal |
||
|
External Oblique |
||
|
Rectus abdominus |
||
|
Transverse abdominus |
||
|
Diaphragm |
||
|
Serratus anterior |
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Given what you have considered in the previous questions, explain why insulin must be injected rather than eaten.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In an unusual population of humans (we’ll call them pressurites), blood pressures tend to be much higher than normal, with systolic pressures averaging about 160 mm Hg, and diastolic pressures about 110 mm Hg. Probably because of this, pressurites have a high incidence of stroke. Your job is to begin to figure out what might be wrong.
You discover that heart rates, stroke volumes and heart size are all normal. List two possible causes of high blood pressure that these data eliminate? 2 pts
Their sodium intake and urine function seems normal. Why is this relevant to high blood pressure? 1 pt
They show no evidence of high cholesterol, or arteriosclerosis. Why is this relevant to high blood pressure? 1 pt
You calculate their total peripheral resistance, and it is higher than normal. Describe three possible causes of high total peripheral resistance that are plausible, given the evidence. 3 pts
Describe experimental tests for each of these three possible causes of elevated total peripheral resistance, and what data would support or refute the potential cause you are testing. 3 pts
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Efferent division of the nervous system (human) (select the MOST CORRECT statement):
|
Autonomic preganglionic neurons always communicate with postganglionic neurons through the release of acetylcholine. |
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Motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscle are always excitatory. |
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Sweat glands are innervated by sympathetic neurons only, and are not regulated by parasympathetic neurons. |
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Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect. |
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a), b) and c) are all correct. |
Regarding mammalian nervous systems (select the MOST CORRECT statement):
|
The cerebellum is involved with the coordination of body movements. |
||
|
Microglia function as immune cells in the central nervous system. |
||
|
Grey matter in the spinal cord is associated with myelinated axons. |
||
|
Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect. |
||
|
a), b) and c) are all correct. |
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Regarding the human brain (select the MOST CORRECT statement):
|
The primary motor cortex is located in the frontal lobe. |
||
|
The diencephalon is composed of two structures, the cerebral cortex and the thalamus. |
||
|
Sensory information from the skin of the big toe is relayed via ascending spinal tracts to the primary motor cortex |
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Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect. |
||
|
a), b) and c) are all correct. |
Human sensory systems (select the MOST CORRECT statement):
|
Sensory information for both vision and touch is relayed to separate regions of the cerebral cortex, but in both cases relies on ascending spinal tracts to reach the brain. |
||
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The location of a stimulus such as touch is coded by the amplitude of the action potentials in the afferent neuron. |
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Baroreceptors in the aortic arch respond to changes in blood pressure that are sensed by mechanoreceptors. |
||
|
Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect. |
||
|
a), b) and c) are all correct. |
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Select the MOST CORRECT answer. In a cardiac myocyte, changes in the permeability of ions can lead to a change in membrane potential. In...
|
A conducting cardiac myocyte, the rapid depolarization is caused by the opening of T-type calcium channels. |
||
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A contractile cardiac myocyte, the rapid depolarization is caused by the opening of L-type calcium channels. |
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Both conducting and contracting cardiac myocytes, the influx of sodium and calcium cause the membrane to depolarize and the efflux of potassium causes repolarization. |
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Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect. |
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a), b) and c) are all correct. |
Select the MOST CORRECT answer. An athlete was attempting to improve their performance through doping, the act of taking illegal drugs to increase red blood cell count. Unfortunately, the athlete experienced a reduction of performance instead. Which of the following best explains this outcome?
|
Heart rate and stroke volume were increased and therefore cardiac output was reduced. |
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|
An increase in the viscosity of the blood caused total peripheral resistance to increase, which reduced blood flow. |
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A decrease in mean arterial pressure resulted because of the increase in total blood volume. Because the bulk blood flow was equal between both sides of the heart, the stroke volume decreased over time. |
||
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Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect. |
||
|
a), b) and c) are all correct. |
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology