Frank- has high blood pressure. Blood pressure is affected by heart rate (higher heart rate increases pressure), vasomotor tone (more vasoconstriction increases pressure), and blood volume (we will not consider this factor in this question)
Of the pharmaceutical (medication/drug) types listed below, which is/are most likely to help Frank reduce his blood pressure? For each, EXPLAIN HOW the drug would either help or harm Frank.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Explain three influences that could increase our blood pressure and three influences that can decrease our blood pressure explain it in terms of how those influencing factors affect the three components of the circulatory system.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
List the physiological changes brought about by stress on the gastrointestinal system.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Answer all Questions
30. What effect does the action of cortisol have on immune function?
A. increased inflammatory abilities
B. decreased T cell function
C. Both of these
D. None of these
31. What effect do the actions of epinephrine and cortisol have on the GI tract?
A. decreased blood flow to the GI tract
B. increased blood flow to the GI tract
C. increased absorption of vitamins & minerals into the GI tissues
D. decreased absorption of vitamins & minerals into the GI tissues
32. Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the adenohypophysis?
33. The pineal gland is essential for:
A. secretion of melanin
B. secretion of melatonin
C. activation of vitamin D
D. secretion of melanocorticoids
34. Which of the following best describes the regulation of PTH release?
35. The target/effector organ of ACTH is:
A. adrenal glands
B. adrenal cortex only
C. pancreas
D. anterior pituitary
36. When sodium is low in concentration in the serum, which of the following hormones might be secreted?
A. aldosterone
B. epinephrine
C. cortisol
D. any of the above might be secreted in response to low serum sodium
Answer all Questions
In: Anatomy and Physiology
What does Boyle's law state about pressure and volume at a constant temperature and a constant pressure?
Pressure and volume will both increase together or both decrease together. |
Pressure and volume will both increase as temperature and pressure increase. |
Pressure increases when volume decreases. |
Pressure and volume will both decrease as temperature and pressure decrease. |
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Draw a flow chart of the steps that would be employed by a neutrophil to eliminate a bacterial cell. Assume that no antibodies are present that recognize the bacteria as foreign.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
40. Genetic variation associated with CYP2C19 metabolism confers which of the following phentotype?
A. Polymorphic alleles
B. Heterozygosity
C. Poor metabolizer
D.Slow Acetylator
In: Anatomy and Physiology
On a half sheet of lined paper, choose one organ system, explain briefly how the system is hormonally controlled and identify one hormone associated with the organ system you chose.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
a)_Discuss the anatomy urinary system and include one usual abnormal finding
In: Anatomy and Physiology
1. Of the six classes of synovial joints, how many are classified as biaxial?
1 |
|
2 |
|
3 |
|
4 |
2 Which of the following articulations is the largest diarthrosis in the human body?
elbow |
|
hip |
|
shoulder |
|
knee |
3 Which two pads of fibrocartilage are found in the knee joint?
medial and lateral collateral ligaments |
|
anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments |
|
intrinsic and extrinsic tibial symphyses |
|
medial and lateral menisci |
4 What is the scientific name given to the shoulder joint?
glenohumeral joint |
|
humeroradial joint |
|
acetabular joint |
|
claviculascapular joint |
5 Which articulation forms part of the elbow joint?
glenohumeral joint |
|
humeroradial joint |
|
patellofemoral joint |
|
acromioclavicular joint |
6 The tendons of four muscles help to stabilize the shoulder joint, which together are called which of the following?
shoulder bursae |
|
pectoralis major |
|
glenohumeral tendons |
|
rotator cuff |
7 The hip joint belongs to which class of synovial joints?
hinge |
|
pivot |
|
ball-and-socket |
|
condylar |
In: Anatomy and Physiology
For the brain structure/ areas below, provide the following information
Location
General function
Example of when the structure/ area would be active
A disease/ disorder that affects the structure/ area, and why physiology dysfunction this would result in
Prefrontal association area
Basal ganglia
Pineal gland
Medulla oblongata
In: Anatomy and Physiology
1.
What is the cause of rheumatoid arthritis?
an autoimmune response |
|
normal wear and tear on joints |
|
a traumatic event, like a fall |
|
the action of many over-the-counter medications |
2. Which is an example of a multiaxial joint?
knee |
|
elbow |
|
shoulder |
|
knuckle |
3. Which term describes an angular movement away from the midline of the body
flexion |
|
extension |
|
adduction |
|
abduction |
4. Which term describes the movement of a body part in the posterior direction?
protraction |
|
retraction |
|
elevation |
|
depression |
5. A hinge joint is correctly classified as which of the following?
nonaxial |
|
uniaxial |
|
biaxial |
|
multiaxial |
In: Anatomy and Physiology
A Case Study of the Muscular System
The purpose of this assignment is to assess your ability to communicate effectively, think critically, and understand quantitative information. This assignment also gives you the opportunity to work through a potential real-life scenario in the medical field.
Obtain all data for the patients to answer the questions, fill out the tables, and produce graphs. You will be submitting answers (typed), tables, and graphs. Your words must be your own, do not just write one paragraph for everyone to turn-in. Graphs must be properly labelled. All sources used, including textbook, must be referenced at the end of your paper. You should turn-in a unique typed assignment that includes the following:
· The answers to questions 1 through 20 (includes tables 1, 2, 3, and graphs)
· Write an alphabetized list of all sources referenced in your answers in proper APA format.
Part I
You are a volunteer in a California medical office of Dr. Williams. Dr. Williams specializes in rare neuromuscular and musculoskeletal disorders. You’re also a grad student and working with Dr. Williams has allowed you to gain first-hand experience with some of the material that you’re learning in your human physiology course.
Today a group of high school students is coming for a tour and Dr. Williams has asked you to prepare some information about muscles to present to the students, such as the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), skeletal muscle contraction, and issues that can arise when signaling between neurons and muscles does not happen as it is supposed to.
Questions [Critical Thinking and Communication]
1. Write a summary paragraph to explain the action of muscles to high school students as Dr. Williams instructed.
Part II – Joyce Snyder
After the high school group finishes their tour, Dr. Williams sees two patients.
Joyce Snyder is a biochemist working for a bio-warfare lab at a university. She is working on a project using sarin as a model substance. Suddenly, while working, the lab alarms go off and Joyce accidentally knocks a vial of sarin over and a bit of the liquid splashes onto her arm between her gloves and lab coat.
She suddenly starts to feel dizzy, her heart starts pounding harder than ever, and she has shortness of breath. She feels incredibly sluggish and tries to get to the exit. As she approaches the lab door, her muscles cramp and she falls down and hits her head, knocking her unconscious. Her colleagues from across the hall happen to see her fall and call for help. Joyce is given oxygen and taken to the nearby hospital.
Joyce is admitted to the hospital and Dr. Williams examines her. Joyce is unconscious but seems to be experiencing some paralysis, so Dr. Williams orders blood work. The results are listed in Table 1 below, the top line represents her initial readings; the following three rows are for subsequent time points. You must work with your team members to interpret all clinical values.
Dr. Williams looks over the results and knows from Joyce ’s colleague that she is a bioweapons biochemist. Dr. Williams figures out that Joyce has been working on synthesizing a new sarin-like biochemical weapon and suspects she has a type of poisoning that is like that of sarin.
Questions [Critical Thinking]
2. What symptoms is Joyce experiencing?
3. What is the role of AChE in the NMJ?
4. Examine Table 1 below. Fill-in the normal range of values for each of the variables in the last (blank) row.
Table 1. Lab values for Joyce Snyder. (Serum)
Time Point |
BP |
Temp. (°F) |
Hemat. (%) |
Glucose (mg/dL) |
Na+ (mEq/L) |
K+ (mEq/L) |
AChE Activity (% of normal) |
Thyroxine (pmol/L) |
Serum Triiodothyronine (FT3) (pg/dL) |
Antibodies for Ach Receptors |
1 |
105/65 |
99.4 °F |
37.5% |
88 mg/dL |
139 mEq/L |
3.8 mEq/L |
44% |
9.1 pmol/L |
112 pg/dL |
none |
2 |
108/70 |
100.1 °F |
38.0% |
100 mg/dL |
135 mEq/L |
5.0 mEq/L |
42% |
8.5 pmol/L |
100 pg/dL |
none |
3 |
130/92 |
98.0 °F |
36.2% |
95 mg/dL |
132 mEq/L |
5.2 mEq/L |
50% |
10.0 pmol/L |
150 pg/dL |
none |
4 |
115/85 |
99.2 °F |
36.9% |
80 mg/dL |
144 mEq/L |
3.5 mEq/L |
88% |
12.0 pmol/L |
82 pg/dL |
none |
Normal Values |
Questions [Critical Thinking and Communication and Quantitative]
5. Which of Joyce ’s levels are abnormal and at what time point?
6. What is the mechanism of action of sarin or a sarin-like chemical?
7. How would exposure to a sarin-like poison affect the amounts of Na+ going into the muscle cell? Explain why.
8. How would exposure to a sarin or sarin-like chemical affect Ca2+ levels inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum? Why?
9. How do these altered Ca2+ levels affect the position of the actin and myosin filaments? Why/how?
10. What needs to happen to Joyce’s post-synaptic membrane to remedy her paralysis? Physiologically what do we need more of, and where?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
A. Describe the histological process by which the kidney concentrates urine, name the cells and tissues involved?
B. How may the kidneys change if they become diseased?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Describe the process of spermatogenesis including cells involved and time length.
In: Anatomy and Physiology