Mrs. X was getting out of her car, when she slammed the car door on her knee, hurting it quite badly, even though there was no broken skin or bleeding. The knee became very swollen and painful within the first couple of hours of the injury, making it difficult to walk, so Mrs. X went to an emergency room to check her knee.

Explain what happened here at the cellular level (use the inflammatory reaction cascade to answer step by step).
When Mrs. X came to the ER, the X-rays of her knee were taken, revealing no fracture. Doctor recommended ice packs to help reduce the swelling. What is the purpose of the ice packs? Explain at the cellular level.
The doctor also prescribed Ibuprofen for inflammation and pain. Explain how that helps at the cellular level.

Outline the way that single pulse TMS work when it’s used to disrupt the cognitive processing in the brain.

Please explain sitting on a chair to standing up how biomechanically the following phases work (anatomy)

Flexion momentum (start sitting)-

Momentum transfer (lift off)-

Extension (Max dorsiflexion)-

Stabilization ( End Hip Extension)-

How does sitting on a chair to standing up work Mechanical and Anatomical? (use anatomy parts)

In this discussion, you will examine ways in which muscles can be weakened or strengthened.

Objectives

• Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle.
• Describe the anatomical differences between skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.
• Explain the current concept of muscle contraction based on three factors: neuroelectrical, chemical, and energy sources.
• Define muscle tone.
• Compare isotonic and isometric contractions.

Step 1: Respond to the following:

In addition to experiencing disorders and diseases that can affect muscles, people can strengthen or weaken their muscles in various ways. Certain diseases, for example, can weaken muscles; in contrast, people can develop routines that strengthen their muscles.

• Describe two ways in which people can, perhaps unintentionally, weaken their muscles. What are two ways in which people can, intentionally or unintentionally, strengthen various muscles within their body?
• Search a reputable source to find an online article that discusses ways of strengthening muscles. Summarize the article in a sentence or two.
• Explain whether you agree or disagree with what the article suggests and why.

Which of the following involves a skeletal muscle (whole muscle)?

1. Treppe
2. Multiple wave summation
3. Isotonic contraction

Consider the following events and choose the one that occurs last

1. Na+ ions diffuse into the skeletal muscle cells
2. ACH binds to receptor sites on Na+ ion channels
3. Membrane permeability to Na+ ions increased

The sphere of hydration is greater for

1. Na+
2. H+
3. He+
4. H2O

Which ectodermal cells use socium, Na+, as a component of depolarization?

1. Heart muscle
2. Smooth muscle
3. Integument
4. Motor neurons

Match the best response with the following statements:

Mesoderm derived à

Association with choroid plexus à

AP propagation in the PNS à

Extracellular fluid regulation à

Macrophages à

CNS myelination à

CSF production à

Blood brain barrier à

Neurolemmocytes à

Phagocytosis à

1. Ependymal cells
2. Microglial cells
3. Schwann cells
4. Astrocytes
5. Oligodendrocytes

Compare and contrast taste and smell. For example, why is it that taste appears to have a small set of basic qualities, while smell does not? You should explain the basic theories underlying the perception of each, including how specificity coding vs. population coding apply to each. You should also include in your discussion how the two combine to produce flavor.

Localization of seen objects to some degree naturally falls out from representing the real world as an image on the retina, and subsequent retinotopic mapping. There is no direct analog for sound, and you we do a reasonable job of localizing sounds as well. How do we localize sounds? Your answer should include both monaural and binaural methods, different methods for high vs. low frequencies, and should mention the sorts of confusions (e.g. front-back, top-down) that we may make and why we might make them.

name all of the hormones produces by the pancreas and describe the hormone’s main purposes