Which of these statements about the kidney and urine is not true? why?

a. Only people who have glucose in their urine consistently can be diagnosed as having diabetes.

b. People can lose so much water in the urine in diabetes that they become clinically dehydrated.

c. Some diabetics never have any glucose in their urine.

d. When there is significant glucose in the urine, the rate of urine production is increased.

Which of these hormones plays a role in glucose metabolism?

Insulin

Glucagon

Adrenaline

FSH & LH

Cortisol

Thyroxine

Growth hormone

Insulin, glucagon, adrenaline, cortisol & GH

Insulin, glucagon, adrenaline, cortisol, thyroxine & GH

Of the above listed hormones, which is the most important in regulating blood glucose after absorption of a glucose load?

Insulin

Glucagon

Adrenaline

FSH & LH

Cortisol

Thyroxine

Growth hormone

All of the above

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Part C - Fate of the Filtrate

What happens to the glomerular filtrate released into the capsular space?

Provide an example of how the Cardiovascular and Respiratory systems respond similarly  during an acute bout of aerobic exercise, and an example of how they respond differently  during an acute bout of aerobic exercise. Please specify the variable(s) to which you are referring and provide data from our lesson or a research article. As always, please include citation(s) for all resources you use.

1. Infant respiratory distress syndrome is a condition found in premature babies. In IRDS, insufficient surfactant is produced. The physical changes in premature babies from this condition are ______ and would likely cause ______ without medication intervention.

A. increased surface tension and ultimate collapse of alveoli; death

B. Increased alveolar expansion labored expiration

C. Decreased surface tension within the alveoli hyperpnea

D. Decreased alveolar expansion; dyspnea

2. Amy needs a transfusion. She was involved in a car accident. When she arrived at the hospital, the pathology lab took a sample of her blood and found that she had both antibodies for typing but no Rh factor antibodies. What type of blood can Amy receive to restore her blood volume?

A. Type A negative

B. Type O negative

C. Type B negative

D. two of the above

3. To breath in air, which of the following happens first?

A. intrapulmonary pressure drops

B. Thoracic cavity volume decreases

C. diaphragm flattens to increase thoracic volume

D. Intercoastal muscle contract to raise the rib cage

4. A vaccine is effective because

A. the vaccine contains the antibodies necessary to fight infection

B. The vaccine contains the lymphocytes necessary to fight infection

C. The vaccine primes the immune response to that secondary response are faster and more effcieiecnt than the primary response

D. B-lyphocytes are unable to mount an immune response the first time they are exposed to a new pathogen

5. Which of the following evens occur during ventircular systole?

A. pressure in the aorta decreases so that arotic recoil can help prepare the blood to the body

B. The ventricular pressure increases after contraction

C. Only the pulmonary veins received blood ejected from the heart.

D. Both the aorta and pulmonary trunk receive blood ejected form the heart

Thank you for your help in advance!

1. For the following hormones released from the hypothalamus, list the hormone it triggers from the anterior pituitary and that hormone’s action at its target cell. (1 pt)
   1. Prolactin releasing hormone
   2. Thyrotropin releasing hormone
   3. Corticotropic releasing hormone
   4. Gonadotropin releasing hormone

1. List the hormones released from the following glands and their action. Some secrete more than 1 type of hormone.
   1. Pineal gland
   2. Thyroid gland
   3. Parathyroid glands
   4. Thymus
   5. Adrenal cortex
   6. Adrenal medulla
   7. Pancreas

1. Which vessels typically carry blood away from the heart?
2. Place in order from superficial to deep the three tunics of a typical blood vessel.
3. Which capillary would be least likely to allow substances to enter or exit the blood due to tight junctions that join the endothelial cells?
4. What provides peripheral resistance?
5. What will decrease peripheral resistance?
6. What two values are needed to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
7. What causes water to cross capillary beds from high to low hydrostatic?
8. What is the fluid movement when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of the capillary?
9. What is blood pressure equivalent to?
10. What is some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries returned to the blood by?
11. What is the outward force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels?
12. Which neurotransmitter decreases heart rate, and thus cardiac output and blood pressure?
13. How do parasympathetic neurons in the medulla respond to increased blood pressure?
14. Which stimulus is detected by a chemoreceptor?
15. What hormone is released to decrease blood pressure?
16. Sheena's B lymphocytes (B cells) produced antibodies to protect her about 3-5 days after she was exposed to a virus. What type of immunity do antibodies provide?
17. What should NOT elicit an immune response in your own body?
18. What initiates T cell activation?
19. Where do B cells develop and mature?
20. What are the five basic classes of antibodies?
21. What do Vaccinations involve exposure to an antigen to elicit?
22. What secretes antibodies?
23. What type of immunity exists even in the absence of a stimulus?
24. What organ is responsible for producing most of the plasma proteins known as the complement system?
25. What can cancer cells release to suppress T cell activity?

1. What is the process of red blood cell production is known as?

2. Which type of leukocyte may produce antibodies?

3. Where do T lymphocytes mature?

4. What is the stoppage of bleeding is known as?

5. What vitamin is necessary for the proper production of functional clotting factors in the liver?

6. When is fibrin produced during the coagulation cascade?

7. The ABO blood group is based on which antigen(s)?

8. Which of the following blood types is incompatible for donation to B+?

9. Predict the position of the valves during the ventricular ejection phase.

10. What produces the "lub dub" heart sounds?

11. What is the amount of blood remaining in each ventricle at the end of the ventricular ejection phase normally about?

12. Calculate the stroke volume (SV) if end-systolic volume (ESV) is 50 ml and the end-diastolic volume (EDV) in a resting heart is 110 ml.

13. What best describes the Frank-Starling law?

14. Which hormone decreases cardiac output by decreasing blood volume and preload?

15. What normally serves as the pacemaker of the entire heart?

16. Place the following parts of the cardiac conduction system in the order in which they transmit the action potential.

17. During what phase of the action potential will calcium ions enter the contractile cell as potassium ions exit?

18. What ion movement changes the membrane potential in a contractile cell from negative to positive during the rapid depolarization phase?

19. Where do the right and left coronary arteries receive blood from?

1a. Describe the shape of squamous, custodial,and columnar epithelial tissue?

1b. List and describe the different types of connective tissue. What are the similarities and differences between them?

1c. What are three components of the extracellular matrix in connective tissue?

1d. What are the three types of cartilage? What are their similarities and differences?

Make your own schematic diagram, based on your understanding, for the Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System in its role for the regulation of urine concentration and volume. Describe the effects of each parts involved.

about the Ebola virus,

1. Which organ systems are involved?
2. How does Ebola virus spread?

Draw a diagram of the hypothalamus and its connection to the posterior pituitary (2). Include ONLY the neurosecretory cells that secrete an antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The cells that secrete ADH are osmoreceptors that respond to high blood osmolarity by secreting ADH. Given the information about the target organ and action of ADH, explain the homeostatic mechanism that involves ADH that acts when blood osmolarity is too high and be sure to explain how the original stimulus is reversed. (3)

A) Put the steps in activation of cellular immunity in the correct order:

1. infected cells are apoptosed

2. cytotoxic T cell is activated

3. it becomes an APC

4. phagocyte encounters antigen

5. helper T cell is activated