The graph showing depolarization of every cardiac muscle cell in the body OTHER than SA Node muscle cells has a plateau. Draw that graph from your notes (draw with a pen, please) and then explain why the plateau exists and what effect(s) the plateau has on contraction of the heart musculature. You may hand draw any diagrams you use, but type your explanation. 10 points for a perfect answer.

1. You receive a patient who has been admitted to the hospital after being trapped in the bitter winter cold without adequate warm clothing. Initially, his body vasodilated his peripheral capillary beds to try to keep his arms and legs warm, but ultimately, it shut down blood flow to his extremities to preserve the core temperature of his body. Begin with the increased venous return to his heart, and show me that you understand completely what happened to his heart rate as he lay exposed in the cold. Then explain to me the exact mechanism the body used to alter his heart rate. 20 points for a perfect answer.

5. An athlete experiences a FOOSH mechanism and has radial side wrist pain. You suspect a scaphoid fracture - which fracture test would be ideal for this assessment prior to sending for x-rays?

2. The x-ray comes back negative but the athlete is still in a lot of pain. How will you manage the injury in the short term and why?

3. What is the risk if this injury isn’t managed properly? If misdiagnosed, what follow up care is required?  
4. What 3 other injuries might this athlete have suffered with the mechanism? Be specific about the structure and type of injury.

Your patient, who has idiopathic scoliosis with a normal body mass index at the age of 16, has 16 degrees of right thoracic spinning. When choosing the exercises, do not create the program so that the individual can realistically implement it, and do not recommend exercises that include excessive repetition or the same muscle group.

discuss formation, origin, types and consequences of  Microbial involvement in Food-Borne Diseases

1. Describe the process of the development of force and relaxation in smooth muscle.

When performing a shoulder hand spacing push up versus a closer hand spacing with hands positioned closer to the mid torso, how does this effect activation within the; Pectoralis Major and Minor differ . Also, if using the shoulder hand spacing push up what happens to muscle activation within The Pectoralis Major and Minor when you; elevate your feet, elevate your hands?

Highlight moments of the; Sternoclavicular joints, Acromioclavicular joints scapular and glenohumeral joint during movements of the shoulder and shoulder girdle. List out the key muscles involved, highlighting their origins and insertions as well as their contributions to the outlined movements.

Highlight moments of the; Sternoclavicular joints, Acromioclavicular joints scapular and glenohumeral joint during movements of the shoulder and shoulder girdle. List out the key muscles involved, highlighting their origins and insertions as well as their contributions to the outlined movements.

9.   Describe the difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis.

10. Describe the type of arthritis that is an autoimmune disorder rather than one associated with aging.

11. Describe the two types of bone marrow transplant, allogenic and autologous, in terms a patient will understand.

12. Mrs. Yasameen has a compression fracture of her spine. Her doctor has decided to do a percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Explain this procedure in terms that Mrs. Valdez and her family will understand.

13. Hilda has a job that involves hours of computer work every day. Recently she has complained of pain and a burning sensation in her fingers that was diagnosed as carpal tunnel syndrome.

Describe what happens within the wrist to cause carpal tunnel syndrome.

14. Jennifer is the star of the track team; however, recently she has been experiencing pain when she runs. Dr. Vasquez performed several tests and established that she is suffering from a shin splint.

Use terms Jennifer would understand to describe this condition.

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Note: Please do not copy from internet plagiarism is strictly prohibited wrtie in your own words

Perceptual voice screening – Listen to someone’s voice and analyze it using the following chart.   The person can be a friend, family member or someone on television. Please identify who you chose and why. 12 points

Am i just suppose to put an x on the ones I found or am i suppose put numbers... I am just confused and my professor has been no help.

In a study to determine whether trans-fat consumption was associated with heart disease mortality, researchers studied the per capita consumption of trans-fats and the number of deaths per 100,000 population. They obtained this information for all 50 states in the US and created a plot showing the relationship between trans-fat consumption and heart disease mortality for each state. Use this information to answer the Questions 12 and 13.

1. What type of study design is this?
   1. Case
   2. Case-Series
   3. Ecological
   4. Cross-sectional

2. What is one advantage of this type of study?
   1. It is useful for etiological (root cause) studies
   2. It is useful for hypothesis generation
   3. It is relatively very expensive to conduct compared to other studies
   4. All of the above are advantages of this type of study.

3. What is one disadvantage of this type of study?
   1. It is expensive
   2. It is not etiological (root cause) studies
   3. It is relatively very expensive to conduct compared to other studies
   4. All of the above are disadvantages of this type of study.

Why do you think actin-based cell crawling is important in the progression of diseases like cancer?

Fred and Mary were working in the library and were asked to shift textbooks from one shelf to another. Fred asked Mary to hold out her hands so he could stack several books on her arms to carry multiple books at once. Fred noticed when he placed a textbook on Mary’s arms they would extend downward slightly for a moment and then return quickly to the original position, this happened with each additional textbook he added. Mary was surprised by this as she didn’t feel as if she was voluntarily restoring her arm position. When Fred placed a 5th very heavy textbook onto the stack in Mary’s arms her arms relaxed and all the textbooks fell to the floor, Mary insisted she didn’t drop the books purposefully but did feel the load was becoming too heavy for her to maintain her arm position.

a) Which reflex is first being elicited as Fred adds each book to Mary’s arms to enable Mary to maintain her arm position? Provide a description of this neural reflex pathway, including the stimulus, receptor, neural pathway, effector and response. Include or draw a diagram. (6 points worth)

b) As Fred added the 5th textbook the increased load caused Mary’s arms to relax. Which sensory receptor was activated here and what is this detecting in the muscle? How does this result in Mary dropping the books? (4 points worth)