Identify the organs of the urinary system and any organs that are different between male and female.

Identify the basic function of each organ.

Explain the tissues of that organ and how they pertain to the process of propelling urine through the system.

Explain how the sympathetic nervous system (and endocrine system) act directly to regulate heart rate and thus cardiac output. Include a detailed description of the mechanism (include the target cells, the proteins, signaling molecules, ions, and changes in membrane pontial where appropriate) and explain how the mechanism operates to alter heart rate.Explain how the parasympathetic nervous system acts to directly regulate cardiac output (1 mechanism). Discuss each mechanism separately including a detailed description of each mechanism (include the target cells, the proteins, signaling molecules, ions, and changes in membrane pontial where appropriate). Make clear how each affects cardiac output. This shoul require about half a page.Explain in detail the Frank-Starling law of the heart. Be sure to define what it is, and describe how it operates (the mechanism). Explain why it is an important way that cardiac output is regulated. Demonstrate your understanding by describing a particular scenario when it would operate and its significance.

if one of the lobes of the cerebrum were damaged, would the person lose all functions of that lobe?

You decide to eat a given food. Discuss the various biological steps that will take place in your body to extract the necessary nutrients like amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids from the food and make them available to the body cells.

Which of the following is true

Select one:

a. Vasomotor syncope may occur when you lie down after standing up for a long time

b. Vasomotor syncope is caused by increased venous return, which causes excessive stimulation of the baroreceptor reflex

c. Vasovagal syncope occurs in response to a disturbing situation that causes over-stimulation of the SNS

d. Contraction of the lower leg muscles helps to prevent vasomotor syncope because it increases the pressure gradient from the peripheral veins to the right atrium

Pick any musculoskeletal activity in daily life or sport and identify the main muscles responsible for the movement and their roles in the movement

List the five survival needs of humans. Why is each of these needed? What happens when this need is not met?

What are the muscle fiber types, contraction types, and the energy sources utilized by muscle fibers?

[How could Lobelia inflata be effective in treating a problem with the neuromuscular junction? Provide a mechanism of action given what you know about this herb.] .

Which of the following is not thought to be associated with edema in hepatic failure patients?

Question 69 options:

In heart failure, dyspnea often develops when the person has been lying down for several hours. This is because assumption of the supine position causes what?

Question 66 options:

Cholesterol involved in atherosclerosis is taken up by which of the following pathways?

Question 61 options:

1. Anna is a 52-year old female, who is 5’4”, and weights 130lbs. You tested Anna’s 1-mile outdoor walk, and determined she was able to complete 1-mile in 12:45, with a post-walk HR of 147 bpm. What are each of the following:
   1. Absolute VO₂ max
   2. Relative VO₂ max
   3. Absolute and Relative VO₂ at 70%
   4. MET level at 70%
   5. Calorie expenditure per minute at 70%

Urinary stystem

-WHICH TYPE OF NITROGENOUS WASTE – UREA, AMMONIA OR URIC ACID – IS EXCRETED BY THE PIG’S KIDNEY?

-WHAT IS THE NAME OF THIS STRESS RESPONSE HORMONE THAT IS PRODUCED BY YOUR ADRENAL GLANDS?

-NAME THREE THINGS THAT LIKELY HAVE A DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION IN THE BLOOD COMING INTO THE KIDNEY VIA THE ARTERIES, AS COMPARED TO LEAVING THE KIDNEY VIA THE VEINS.

-HOW DOES THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE FEMALE PIG’S URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS DIFFER FROM THE HUMAN FEMALE’S AS THEY EXIT THE BODY?

Reproductive system

-WHAT ADVANTAGE DOES THIS LARGE Y-SHAPED UTERUS PROVIDE THE FEMALE PIG?

-IS THE OVARY DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO THE UTERINE TUBE/OVIDUCT?

Arteries of lower trunk

-WHAT ARE THE STRUCTURES THAT THE RENAL ARTERIES ARE SUPPLYING BLOOD TO?

-ARE THE DEEP ARTERY OF THE THIGH AND THE FEMORAL ARTERY IN THE PIG SIMILAR OR DIFFERENT TO THOSE IN YOU LEG?

-ARE THE UMBILICAL ARTERIES CARRYING BLOOD FROM FETUS TO PLACENTA, OR FROM PLACENTA TO FETUS?
-BASED ON YOUR ANSWER ABOVE, IS THE BLOOD IN THE UMBILICAL ARTERIES OXYGEN-RICH OR OXYGEN POOR?
-FINALLY, WHAT HAPPENS TO THE UMBILICAL ARTERIES AFTER BIRTH?

Frances is an 82-year-old woman who suffers from macular degeneration, osteoporosis, and arthritis. Since her husband died a year ago, she has moved from their family home to a small one-bedroom apartment. Her eyesight is progressively getting worse, making it diffucult to go to the grocery store or even to cook (for fear of burning herself). She is often lonely; her only son lives an hour away and works two jobs, but he visits her as often as he can. Frances has lost her appetite and, as a result, often skips meals during the week. She has resorted to eating mostly cold foods. These are simple to prepare but seriously limit the variety and palatability of her diet. Also, she wears dentures and has trouble chewing tough meats and foods with crisp textures. She is slowly losing weight as a result of her eating patterns and loss of appetite. Her typical diet usually consists of a breakfast that may include 1 slice of wheat toast with margarine, honey, and cinnamon, and 1 cup of hot tea. If she has lunch, she normally has a can of peaches, half of a turkey and cheese sandwich, and a glass of water. For dinner, she might have half of a tuna fish sandwich made with mayonnaise and 1 cup of iced tea. She usually includes one or two soft cookies at bedtime. Answer the following questions about dietary assistance for Frances.

What other questions would you ask Frances to get a better sense of her nutrition status?