Question

9.   Describe the difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis.

10. Describe the type of arthritis that is an autoimmune disorder rather than one associated with aging.

11. Describe the two types of bone marrow transplant, allogenic and autologous, in terms a patient will understand.

12. Mrs. Yasameen has a compression fracture of her spine. Her doctor has decided to do a percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Explain this procedure in terms that Mrs. Valdez and her family will understand.

13. Hilda has a job that involves hours of computer work every day. Recently she has complained of pain and a burning sensation in her fingers that was diagnosed as carpal tunnel syndrome.

Describe what happens within the wrist to cause carpal tunnel syndrome.

14. Jennifer is the star of the track team; however, recently she has been experiencing pain when she runs. Dr. Vasquez performed several tests and established that she is suffering from a shin splint.

Use terms Jennifer would understand to describe this condition.

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Note: Please do not copy from internet plagiarism is strictly prohibited wrtie in your own words

Answer 1

Describe the difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis.

The difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis is that in osteopenia the bone loss is not as severe as in osteoporosis. That means someone with osteopenia is more likely to fracture a bone than someone with a normal bone density but is less likely to fracture a bone than someone with osteoporosis.

Osteopenia is the thinning of bone mass. While this decrease in bone mass is not usually considered "severe," it is considered a very serious risk factor for the development of osteoporosis.

The diagnostic difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis is the measure of bone mineral density. Osteopenia is commonly seen in people over age 50 that have lower than average bone density but do not have osteoporosis. The diagnostic difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis is the measure of bone mineral density.

Osteoporosis, the "fragile bone disease," is characterized by a loss of bone mass caused by a deficiency in calcium, vitamin D, magnesium and other vitamins and minerals. Many of the foods you eat contain these bone-building minerals. If it progresses, osteoporosis can lead to loss of height, stooped posture, humpback, and severe pain.

2.Describe the type of arthritis that is an autoimmune disorder rather than one associated with aging ??

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that often affects the hands and feet.

Symptoms:

• Tender, warm, swollen joints

• Joint stiffness that is usually worse in the mornings and after inactivity

• Fatigue, fever and loss of appetite

• 3.Describe the two types of bone marrow transplant, allogenic and autologous, in terms a patient will understand.

• Autologous bone marrow transplant -- The term auto means self. Stem cells are removed from you before you receive high-dose chemotherapy or radiation treatment. The stem cells are stored in a freezer. After high-dose chemotherapy or radiation treatments, your stems cells are put back in your body to make normal blood cells. This is called a rescue transplant.

• Allogeneic bone marrow transplant -- The term allo means other. Stem cells are removed from another person, called a donor. Most times, the donor's genes must at least partly match your genes. Special tests are done to see if a donor is a good match for you. A brother or sister is most likely to be a good match. Sometimes parents, children, and other relatives are good matches. Donors who are not related to you, yet still match, may be found through national bone marrow registries.

• percutaneous vertebroplasty. : Percutaneous cementoplasty (also known as vertebral packing or vertebroplasty) with acrylic cement (polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA]) is a procedure aimed at preventing vertebral body collapse and pain in patients with pathologic vertebral bodies. with injection pain will reduce

• 4.Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition that causes pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and arm. The condition occurs when one of the major nerves to the hand — the median nerve — is squeezed or compressed as it travels through the wrist.

• excess use of wrist wil lead to the carpal tunnel syndrome .

• it will occur due to Compression of nerve.

• it will occur when we continuosly kept our wrist on Sharp objects like keyboard tray etc.

• because of compression Nerve will lead to pain , numbeness etc

Shin splints, or medial tibial stress syndrome, is an overuse injury that causes lower leg pain.

Shin splints are primarily caused by a mismatch between overload and recovery during weight bearing exercise.

High-stress impact loading during running or walking places an increased stress on the lower leg bone (tibia).

When this stress increases gradually the bone strengthens in order to handle the load. Shin splints occur when the body’s ability to strengthen the bone is not able to keep up with the stress being placed on the bone. This imbalance of bone strengthening and stress causes small cracks in the bone and inflammation of the surrounding tissue.