Select all the statements that are true during the filling phase of the cardiac cycle.

Isovolumetric contraction

Ventricular Systole

Atria pressure is greater than ventricular pressure

Ventricular pressure is greater than aortic pressure

Ventricles are contracting

The AV valves are open

All valves are closed

Ventricular Diastole

Aortic Valve is open

Select the coordinating pair regarding homeostasis of blood pressure where the first statement causes the second statement.

a. Decreased plasma proteins: increased reabsorption at the tissues

b. Decreased water reabsorption by the kidneys: increased blood volume

c. Decreased blood pressure: increased blood flow to kidneys

d. Increased sodium reabsorption by the kidneys: increased blood volume

e. Increased blood pressure: decreased filtration at the tissues

Write an essay the regulation of breathing.

Discuss the influence of the venous system and arterial system on cardiac function and the mechanisms by which a denervated heart can increase its output during exercise.

Give an example of a material that is processed using plasma processing and write about the structure of that material

Discuss hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Make sure to include how FSH (2 pts), LH (2 pts), Testosterone (3 pts) and Estrogen (2 pts) contribute to these processes-- DO NOT INCLUDE THE ENTIRE HORMONAL CYCLE. 1 pt for essay formatting, grammar, spelling.

How and by what mechanism is glomerular filtration rate (GFR) affected by

obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction by a stone?

stimulation of the splanchnic nerve?

a marathon run?

severing the post-glanglionic sympathetic fibers to the kidney

1. What are the three main functions of the lymphatic system?

2. What is lymph? What is the normal composition of lymph? How does the composition of lymph differ from that of blood?

3. Describe the structure of lymphatic capillaries emphasizing on the unique features.

4. Which major body regions drain lymph to the right lymphatic duct?

5. What is lymphedema? What can cause lymphedema?

6. What are the functions of the spleen? If your spleen were removed [splenectomy], would you be able to fight off illness or infections effectively? Why or why not?

7. What is the role of the thymus in the human body?

8. If your tonsils are removed, how does your body develop an immune response against antigens in the throat?

9. The radical mastectomy is an operation in which a cancerous breast, surrounding tissues, and the underlying muscles of the anterior thoracic wall, plus the axillary lymph nodes, are removed. After such an operation, the arm usually swells, or becomes edematous, and is very uncomfortable -- sometimes for months. Why?

10. Could humans live without a lymphatic system? Explain why or why not.

11. Why do lymph nodes enlarge when you are sick?

Briefly explain Bronfenbrenner's (1986) ecological system approach to understanding risks behavior and outline the four levels of behavioural influence.

Explain how the neuromuscular junction functions.

Describe the sliding filament model of muscle contraction.

Explain how socio-emotional development may be experienced during adolescence in relation to Erikson's theory of lifespan development.

Briefly outline the characteristics of formal operational thinking during adolescence according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

1-

What other factors elicit the same or similar effect as the Bohr Effect?

2-

True or False. When the transmural pressure gradient doubles, the lung is likely to collapse.

3-

What is pulmonary surfactant, what produces it, what does it do, and what happens when it is not there?

4-

Label the lung volume terms represented on the graph.

1-

Carbon dioxide is carried in the plasma, on hemoglobin, and as bicarbonate ions. What are the percentages of each?

Plasma

hemoglobin

bicarbonate

2- Why is there no N₂ in your blood even though it is the dominant gas in the atmosphere?

3-

Explain the significance of the 2 major regions of the oxygen saturation/desaturation curve, i.e., the flat region & the steep region. 1. what are their ranges? 2. what is Hb's job? 3. at what locations? 4. what is happening with regard to Hb's P_O2 sensitivity? (Hb = hemoglobin)

4-

What exactly is the Bohr effect?