Jenny Higgins, a 27-year-old female, develops achy joints, disrupted bowel activity and skin rashes over the course of 7 months. Although mild at first, the symptoms get worse over this time period, and while her GP did not initially suspect an autoimmune disease, Jenny is eventually diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) a classic systemic autoimmune disease. Answer the following sub-questions separately.

1) Name some common autoantibody responses present in patients with SLE? (1 mark)

2) Briefly describe how these autoantibodies contribute to symptoms of the disease.

3) Patients with SLE often have delayed clearance of apoptotic cells. Explain why this delay may result in an increased risk of autoreactivity to internal cellular components such as the nucleus.

4) If self-proteins or tissue components in the joints are not targeted directly in SLE, why do patients develop inflammation of joints?

5) Briefly describe a 2 stage (2 different drugs, and why you have chosen these) anti- inflammatory treatment regime designed to quickly bring inflammation under control, but moving to long term treatment more readily tolerated by the patient.

1. Ms Duffy is 28 years old and wears spectacles. Over the last three years her vision has been worsening even with spectacles. She was examined by an eye doctor and diagnosed to have thinner and steeper than normal corneas with vision impairment in both eyes but more in the left than right eye. Her corneal condition and vision were expected to continue to worsen without intervention. Thus, the eye doctor performed a negligibly invasive treatment procedure on her eyes, first in the left eye and six months later in the right eye. The treatment improved her vision in both eyes. Answer the following sub-questions separately.

1. Which corneal disease did Ms Duffy develop? (1 mark)

2. What could be the effect/s of this corneal disease on Ms Duffy’s vision and why? (1 mark)

3. What are the two most common likely causes of this disease? (1 mark)

4. From your understanding of the structure of the cornea, state primarily which part/s of the cornea is/are compromised in this disease? (1 mark)

5. What are the main clinical and histopathological features of this disease?

6. Which pathophysiological mechanisms are activated in this disease? Explain three of the mechanisms.

7. Explain the basic principle underlying treatment of Ms Duffy’s disease. (1 mark)

what are the functions and locations of sudoriferous,sebaceous, ceruminous and mammary glands.

You have discovered a new species of sea squirt and you have named it Seasquirtus laker after your alma mater. Sea squirts feed by sucking water through a tube into the pharynx, and then into the stomach. This water not only contains nutrition, but also potential toxins and microbes from the environment. As an immunologist, you are curious about how S. laker protects itself from environmental threats.

1. What are 3 different mechanisms that S. laker might prevent microbial infection or toxin exposure during feeding? Briefly explain. Describe how you would experimentally test whether S. laker uses this mechanism.

A child has severe intellectual disability, developmental delay, autism and unusual facial features, His mother had a learning disability and slightly delayed development. Genome sequencing as well as karyotyping reveal that the child has excess material from chromosome 9 and 14 and too little from chromosome 10. Th mother has all of the genetic material, but she has four “derivative” chromosomes – they have seemingly mixed and matched their parts. These chromosomes consist of pieces of 9, 10, and 14; 9, 10, and 16; and 9 and 4.

a. What chromosomal event has likely occurred?
b. How can the nature of the chromosomal event explain the mother’s learning disability and developmental delay, but good health otherwise and a full genome?

1. A 14-year-old male from Tondo, Leandro, was seen at the hospital because of delayed development. His mother recalls that when he turned 6 months old, he could not hold his head up when other babies aged 3 months old could do so. At age 13 months, his mother told the doctor that unlike other children of the same age, Leandro could not utter comprehensible words and could not walk. Upon further prodding by the doctor, the mother claimed that for the last few months, Leandro was having difficulty defecating and that his hair was scanty, coarse, and brittle prompting her to shave it anyway. The doctor then proceeded with his physical examination. He noted that Leandro had macroglossia, enlarged abdomen, and small for his age. At this point, the mother showed the doctor Leandro’s newborn screening result which confirmed the doctor’s diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism.

a. Describe congenital hypothyroidism including its pathophysiology and relate it to Leandro’s physical findings and delayed development.
b. What could happen to Leandro if he is not managed properly?
c. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is part of the newborn screening (NBS) program of the Philippines. It is one of 6 disorders that are detected in the basic NBS kit. Enumerate the other 5 disorders detected in the NBS kit.
d. Enumerate the differences between the basic NBS kit and the newly introduced expanded NBS kit.
e. As a future medical technologist, are you allowed to perform newborn screening to a patient? If no, who else can perform it? If yes, which legal document authorizes you to perform the test?
f. Will you consider having your future child undergo newborn screening? If no, why not? If yes, which would you prefer, the basic or the expanded?

A patient visited physician and complained about the following symptoms: I visited Egypt, painful ulcers on skin appeared after three weeks, the ulcer was moist.

1. What is the disease and its etiologic agent _________________________________

2. Describe the general characteristics of the agent______________________________

3. How is the disease transmitted?_________________________________

4. What other symptoms are caused by this agent?_____________________________

5. How can it be prevented?_____________________________________

6. What diagnostic methods are used?___________________________________

A patient visited physician and complained about the following symptoms: I am HIV infected; I have short breath, frequent unproductive cough, headache and high temperature.

1. What is the disease and its etiologic agent _________________________________

2. Describe the general characteristics of the agent______________________________

3. How is the disease transmitted?_________________________________

4. What other symptoms are caused by this agent?_____________________________

5. How can it be prevented?_____________________________________

6. What diagnostic methods are used?___________________________________

structure that protects the female gamete during meiotic division

When a blood vessel is broken, a clot forms. Why does the clot form only at the site of the injury and not systemically?

Plz write in your own text and don't copy answers that was answered before since my teacher has (Plagiarism checker) thank you

In 800 APA word discuss the different kind of curvatures in the column and what are their importance.

close to 800 words

1. If HCO₃^- did not diffuse out of the red blood cell, what would occur?

1. The red blood cell would become acidic.
2. The pH of red blood cells would decrease.
3. The plasma pH would be destabilized.
4. Increased levels of Cl^- would enter the red blood cell.

1. Which of the following is TRUE?
   1. Hormones are secreted into the blood in pulses by specific stimuli.
   2. Steroid hormones will bind to receptors located on the cell membrane.
   3. An example of a secondary messenger is estrogen, as it is released upon stimulation from a primary messenger, such as LH.
   4. Tyrosine kinase is located in the nucleus and causes new proteins to be created.