Question

Articulations and Body Movements

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and Synovial Joints

1. Use key responses to identify the joint types described below.

Key: a. cartilaginous b. fibrous c. synovial

1. includes shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints

2. includes joints between the vertebral bodies and the pubic symphysis

3. sutures are memorable examples

4. found in the epiphyseal plate

5. found in a gomphosis

6. all are freely movable or diarthrotic

2. Label the diagram of a typical synovial joint using the terms provided in the key and the appropriate leader lines.

Key:

a. articular capsule

b. articular cartilage

c. fibrous layer

d. joint cavity

e. ligament

f. periosteum

g. synovial membrane

3. How does a tendon sheath differ from a bursa

4. Which structure in the synovial joint produces synovial fluid?

5. Match the synovial joint categories in column B with their descriptions in column A. Some terms may be used more than once.

Column A

1. joint between the axis and atlas

2. hip joint

3. intervertebral joints (between articular processes)

4. joint between forearm bones and wrist

5. elbow

6. interphalangeal joints

7. intercarpal joints

8. joint between talus and tibia/fibula

9. joint between skull and vertebral column

10. joint between jaw and skull

11. joints between proximal phalanges and metacarpal bones

12. a multiaxial joint

13. biaxial joints

14. uniaxial joints

Column B

a. ball-and-socket b. condylar

c. hinge

d. pivot

e. plane

f. saddle

Selected Synovial Joints

6. Which joint, the hip or the knee, is more stable?

Name two important factors that contribute to the stability of the hip joint. _______________________ and

________________________________________________________

Name two important factors that contribute to the stability of the knee. ____________________________ and _______________________________

  

7. Label the photograph of a knee joint model using the terms provided in the key and the appropriate leader lines. Key:

a. anterior cruciate ligament

b. fibula

c. fibular collateral ligament

d. lateral condyle of the femur

e. lateral meniscus

f. medial meniscus

g. patella

h. patellar ligament

i. tibia

j. tibial collateral ligament

Femur

Answer 1

1. Identifying the joint types:

1. Includes shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints - Synovial joint

Justification: Synovial joint is otherwise known as 'diarthroses' and it is filled with synovial fluid. It joins bones with a fibrous joint capsule.

2. Includes joints between the vertebral bodies and the pubic symphysis - Cartilaginous joint

Justification: This joint is connected entirely by the cartilage and it allows more movement between the bones.

3. Sutures are memorable examples - Fibrous joint

Justification: This joint has no joint cavity and it is an immovable joint. The skull bones are connected by the fibrous joints called sutures.

4. Found in the epiphyseal plate - Cartilaginous joint

Justification: The epiphyseal plate is a hyaline cartilage plate.

5. Found in a gomphosis - Fibrous joint

Justification: Gomphosis is a type of joint found between the articulation of teeth and mandible and the fibrous joint is the one which connects tooth and socket.

6. All are freely movale and diarthrotic - Synovial joint

Justification: Synovial joints are otherwise known as 'diarthroses' and these are freely movable.

2. The labelled diagram of a typical synovial joint is attached below:

a. Articular capsule: It is a joint capsule which surrounds synovial joint. It has two layers: outer fibrous layer  and inner synovial layer.

b. Articular cartilage: It is a smooth white tissue which covers the ends of bones when they come together to form joints.

c. Fibrous layer: It is the outer layer of articular capsule and it contains white fibrous tissue known as 'ligament'.

d. Joint cavity: It surrounds the articulating surfaces of bones.

e. Ligament: It supports the joint by holding the bones together.

f. Periosteum: It covers all the surfaces of the bone.

g. Synovial membrane: It is a soft tissue located between the articular capsule and the joint cavity. It secretes synovial fluid.

3. Difference between tendon sheath and bursae:

Bursae are the fluid-filled sacs which helps in preventing the friction between skin, tendon and an underlying bone while tendon sheath is a connective tissue sac which is similar in structure to bursae but is smaller. Bursae surround the muscle tendon at the place where the tendon crosses the joint.

4. The synovial membrane in the synovial joint produces synovial fluid. It lines the interior surface of the joint cavity. Synovial membrane is the inner membrane of the synovial joint. Synovial fluid is the ultra filtrate of plasma and it contains proteins.

5. Correct matching:

1. b

2. a

3. e

4. b

5. c

6. c

7. e

8. c

9. b

10. b

11. b

12. a

13. b, f

14. c, d

Justification:

a. Ball and socket joint: Ball and socket joint is a type of hip joint and is a multiaxial joint.

b. Condylar joint: It is the joint between atlas and axis, forearm bones and wrist, skull and vertebral column, jaw and skull, proximal phalanges and metacarpal bones and it is a biaxial joint.

c. Hinge joint: It is the joint at the elbow, interphalanges, between talus and tibia/fibula and it is an uniaxial joint.

d. Pivot joint: It is an uniaxial joint.

e. Plane joint: It is an intervertebral and inter carpal joint.

f. Saddle joint: It is a biaxial joint.

Thank you!