Question

In: Anatomy and Physiology

1- What other factors elicit the same or similar effect as the Bohr Effect? 2- True...

1-

What other factors elicit the same or similar effect as the Bohr Effect?

2-

True or False. When the transmural pressure gradient doubles, the lung is likely to collapse.

3-

What is pulmonary surfactant, what produces it, what does it do, and what happens when it is not there?

4-

Label the lung volume terms represented on the graph.

Expert Solution

1. Bohr's effect defines the right shift of oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve. In this, the dissociation of oxygen from hemoglobin increases when the blood reaches the tissue site. It occurs because of low affinity of oxygen towards hemoglobin. Other factors which also bring same changes as in Bohr's effect are-

1. Increase in concentration of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide compete with oxygen for binding and thus cause dissociation of oxygen from hemoglobin.

2. Increase concentration of hydrogen ions. Decrease in pH also cause shift of dissociation curve to right.

3. Increase in temperature also cause dissociation of oxygen.

4. Increase in concentration of 2,3- DPG.

2ND QUESTION

The given statment is false.

Transmural pressure is the pressure difference between alveolar presure and intrapleural pressure. It is also called distending pressure. It is that pressure which allows alveoli to expand. Thus, higher the transmural pressure, greater the alveoli expands. So is transmural pressure doubles, alveoli will expand more.

Lungs collape when transmural presure falls to zero.

3rd question-

Surfactant are the substance which are present along the walls of alveoli and prevent the alveoli from collapsing. As the alveoli are circular in shape and fluid is filled in them.The surface tension of fluids tends to collapse the alveoli. The surfactants reduces this surface tension and provide stability to alveoli. If the surfactants are not present, the alveoli will collapse.

type 2 pneumocytes produce surfactants. These cells are present in various locations in airway and produce surfactants.

Surfactants are made up of lipids(major) and proteins.

Lipids present are DPPC and sphygnomyelin whereas protein present are protein A,B,C,and D.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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