Questions
If a blood clot lodges in a coronary artery narrowed by atherosclerosis, the result can be...

If a blood clot lodges in a coronary artery narrowed by atherosclerosis, the result can be _____.

a.

myocardial infarction

b.

ventricular fibrillation

c.

coronary arrest

d.

all of these are possible outcomes of a blood clot lodging in a coronary artery

a.

cannot be used to stabilize the heartbeat of a person with a cardiac arrhythmia

b.

is powered by a battery that is usually implanted inside the heart

c.

delivers an electric shock intended to stop the heart from beating

d.

performs a function similar to the sino-atrial node

Which of the following statements about echo cardiograms is false?

a.

they can be used to determine the ejection fraction produced by the ventricles during systole

b.

they can be used to determine if the walls of the ventricles are thickened in response to hypertension

c.

they are considered “healthy” if the ejection fraction of the left ventricle is greater than 40%

d.

they are made using low energy x-rays

In: Anatomy and Physiology

If a mother had blood type _____, her second baby and subsequent children would be endangered...

If a mother had blood type _____, her second baby and subsequent children would be endangered if they had type A+.

a.

type A blood

b.

type A+ blood

c.

type B+ blood

d.

type O+ blood

Which of the following statements about human blood is false?

a.

blood plasma makes up more than half of the volume of normal blood

b.

blood plasma is mostly water, with ions, amino acids, glucose, hormones, proteins, and other materials

c.

white blood cells (leukocytes) make up about 40% of the volume of normal blood

d.

red blood cells (erythrocytes) are the most common blood cells

Which of the following is not a cause of chronic high blood pressure (hypertension)?

a.

increased diameter of peripheral arterioles

b.

decreased elasticity of the walls of arteries and arterioles

c.

buildup of cholesterol in the lining of arteries and arterioles (atherosclerosis)

d.

increased resistance to blood flow in fatty tissues due to increased number and size of fat cells (obesity)

Which of the following statements about cholesterol is false?

a.

cholesterol is transported from the liver to peripheral tissues by low density lipoproteins

b.

cholesterol can build up in the lining of arteries and arterioles, a condition called atherosclerosis

c.

dietary cholesterol is most common in plant tissues, especially green leafy vegetables

d.

healthy blood cholesterol is < 200 mg/dl total cholesterol / > 40 mg/dl HDL cholesterol ≤ 5.0

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Which of the following could cause an increase in the heart rate? a. increased movement b....

Which of the following could cause an increase in the heart rate?

a.

increased movement

b.

a decrease in blood pressure

c.

a decrease in the pH of the blood plasma

d.

all of these could cause an increase in the heart rate

An increase in the hydrostatic pressure at the arteriolar end of a capillary bed would cause…

a.

no changes in exchange rates through the capillary walls

b.

an increase in the amount of oxygen (O2), nutrient, and fluids moving out of the capillaries

c.

a decrease in the amount of oxygen (O2), nutrients, and fluids moving out of the capillaries

d.

an increase in the amount of wastes and fluids moving into of the capillaries

Edema can be the result of _____.

a.

an increase in the hydrostatic pressure at the arteriolar end of a capillary bed

b.

a decrease in the concentration of solutes, especially albumin, in the blood plasma

c.

a decrease in the hydrostatic pressure at the arteriolar end of a capillary bed

d.

both a and b are correct

hich of the following can cause hypovolemic shock?

a.

hemorrhage (blood loss)

b.

increase in cardiac output

c.

toxins that cause the dilation of all peripheral arterioles

d.

all of these statements are true except (b)

Which of the following can be used to treat hypovolemic shock?

a.

elevating the legs of the person in hypovolemic shock

b.

stopping hemorrhage (blood loss) from the person in hypovolemic shock

c.

giving a transfusion to the person in hypovolemic shock

d.

all of these can be used to treat hypovolemic shock

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Describe the engineering explanation behind the following structural/anatomical features as related to bone, articular cartilage, tendons...

Describe the engineering explanation behind the following structural/anatomical
features as related to bone, articular cartilage, tendons and ligaments. Please use
precise and concise answers.

Tendons and Ligaments
1. The difference in fiber arrangement between tendons and ligaments
2. The insertion of ligament into bone
3. The use of a special brace for a child with club foot
4. The 2:1 elastin to collagen ratio in the ligamentum flavum
5. The abnormal motion in a knee with an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
injury

In: Anatomy and Physiology

1) Which bone is not part of the axial skeleton? A) Patella B) Sphenoid C) Stapes...

1) Which bone is not part of the axial skeleton? A) Patella
B) Sphenoid
C) Stapes
D) False rib
E) Manubrium

2) The popliteal artery supplies the
A) palmar region.
B) hip joint.
C) ankle joint.
D) knee joint.
E) elbow joint.

3) Which organ is not part of the gastrointestinal tract?
A) Stomach
B) Esophagus
c)Liver
D) Oral cavity
E)Large intestine

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Describe the engineering explanation behind the following structural/anatomical features as related to bone, articular cartilage, tendons...

Describe the engineering explanation behind the following structural/anatomical
features as related to bone, articular cartilage, tendons and ligaments. Please use
precise and concise answers.

Articular Cartilage
1. The arrangement of chondrocytes and collagen fibers in the Middle Zone of
articular cartilage
2. Collagen fibers stronger in tension than compression
3. The termination of creep in the biphasic creep response of articular cartilage
4. The nonlinear permeability of articular cartilage
5. The ability of articular cartilage to withstand an enormous range of loading
conditions throughout our lifetime with minimal wear.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Question 62 Alice went to the local coffee shop and ordered her usual drink, before sitting...

Question 62 Alice went to the local coffee shop and ordered her usual drink, before sitting down to read her book. She didn't realize that a group of her friends were sitting at a table with a giant sign that said "Happy Birthday Alice!" even though she walked right past their table. They had to actually tap her on the shoulder before she noticed them. This is an example of

a. shape constancy

b. the binding problem

c. inattentional blindness

d. change blindness

In: Anatomy and Physiology

DQ1. What is the functional relationship of the PNS to the CNS? DQ2. List the structural...

DQ1. What is the functional relationship of the PNS to the CNS?

DQ2. List the structural components of the PNS and describe the function of each component.

DQ3. Indicate the results of-sympathetic activation of the following structures: sweat gland, eye pupil, adrenal medulla, heart, liver ,bronchioles, blood vessels of GI, and Salivary glands.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

1. If a person has Type A blood, he or she would have antibodies for what...

1. If a person has Type A blood, he or she would have antibodies for what blood type?
2. Why is Type O Negative blood known as the universal donor? Why is O Positive not a universal donor?

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Compare and contrast the role of hormones and neurotransmitters in cellular communication. Include at least one...

Compare and contrast the role of hormones and neurotransmitters in cellular communication. Include at least one similarity and one difference.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

1. types of family planning 2. causes of family planning 3. effects/consequences of family planning i...

1. types of family planning
2. causes of family planning
3. effects/consequences of family planning

i need 10 points for each question with elaboration

In: Anatomy and Physiology

In the ausculatory method, the point at which the first soft tapping sounds can be heard...

In the ausculatory method, the point at which the first soft tapping sounds can be heard with the stethoscope is the:

  1. Systolic blood pressure

    Diastolic blood pressure

    Absolute blood pressure

    Systolic over diastolic blood pressure

    None of the above

Lymph capillaries

  1. A.

    weave between tissue cells and blood caillaries

    B.

    Have flap-like mini-valves

    C.

    are anchored to connective tissue by filaments

    D.

    pick up excess tissue fluids

    E.

    All of the above

Lymph nodes:

  1. A.

    Filter lymph before returning fluid to the blood

    B.

    Contain specialized cells for immune defense

    C.

    Are divided into compartments

    D.

    Have an inner medula and outer cortex

    E.

    All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a lymphoid organ

  1. A.

    Tymus

    B.

    Thyroid

    C.

    Tonsils

    D.

    All of the above (in other words, NONE of these are lymphoid organs)

    E.

    None of the above (in other words, ALL of these are lymphoid organs)

Which of the following is not a sign of acute inflammation?

  1. A.

    Redness

    B.

    Heat

    C.

    Pain

    D.

    Dizziness

    E.

    Swelling

Which of the following cells secrete antibodies?

  1. A.

    T cells

    B.

    B cells

    C.

    NK cells

    D.

    Antibody cells

    E.

    None of the above

3 points   

Complement proteins:

  1. A.

    are part of the innate arm of the immune system

    B.

    Poke holes in invading cells

    C.

    Bind to receptors of healthy cells and prevent viruses from multiplying

    D.

    All of the above

    E.

    A & B only

Which systems share the pharynx?

  1. A.

    Respiratory and cardiovascular

    B.

    Endocrine and digestive

    C.

    Digestive & lymphatic

    D.

    Respiratory & endocrine

    E.

    Digestive & respiratory

Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system?

  1. A.

    Regulation of blood pH

    B.

    Protection against pathogens

    C.

    Gas exchange

    D.

    Sound production

    E.

    All of the above

The _______ protects the opening to the larynx

  1. A.

    laryngopharynx

    B.

    Glottis

    C.

    Epiglottis

    D.

    Tongue

    E.

    Thyroid cartilage

3 points   

Gasses cross the respiratory membrane of the alveoli by:

  1. A.

    Diffusion

    B.

    Active Transport

    C.

    None of the above

    D.

    the help of tiny elves

When intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure:

  1. A.

    Air move into the lungs

    B.

    Air moves out of the lungs

    C.

    Air can only be brought into the lungs with the help of the external intercostals

    D.

    Both B and C

The alveoli are surrounded by:

  1. A.

    Arteries

    B.

    Veins

    C.

    Lymphatic vessels

    D.

    All of the above

    E.

    None of the above

Which of the following is true of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

  1. A.

    they often have chronic bronchitis

    B.

    they often have a history of smoking

    C.

    they often experience pulmonary infections

    D.

    they are often hypoxic

    E.

    all of the above

Which of the following is true of the trachea

  1. A.

    Cartilaginous rings completely surround it

    B.

    it's diameter can expand and contract

    C.

    it is found posterior to the esophagus

    D.

    All of the above

    E.

    None of the above

The nasal conchae provide:

  1. A.

    Time and space to warm inhaled air

    B.

    Time and space to humidify inhaled air

    C.

    Time and space to remove debris from inhaled air

    D.

    All of the above

    E.

    None of the above

The longest portion of the small intestine is the:

  1. A.

    Ileum

    B.

    Jejunum

    C.

    Duodenum

    D.

    Colon

    E.

    Cecum

The bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur in which subdivision of the small intestine?

  1. A.

    Ileum

    B.

    Duodenum

    C.

    Cardia

    D.

    Jejunum

    E.

    Pylorus

Which of the following increases the surface area for digestion and absorption in the mucosa of the small intestine?

  1. A.

    Taenia coli

    B.

    Rugae

    C.

    Omenta

    D.

    Microvilli

    E.

    Lacteals

Which of the following statements is not true of the long intestine:

  1. A.

    Some vitamin absorption happens here

    B.

    It reabsorbs water from its contents

    C.

    There are ascending and descending regions

    D.

    It is longer than the small intestine

    E.

    None of the above

Bile enters the duodenum through the:

  1. A.

    Gall bladder

    B.

    Cystic duct

    C.

    Pancreatic duct

    D.

    hepatopancreatic shincter

    E.

    cholecyctokinin

Peyer’s patches are found in the:

A.

Pyloric canal

B.

Duodenum

C.

Jejunum

D.

Ileum

E.

Mr. Peyer's strawberry fields

Absorption of fats occurs in the:

A.

Mouth

B.

Stomach

C.

Small intestine

D.

Large intestine

E.

All of the above

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Explain how acute exercise would challenge the delivery of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide as...

Explain how acute exercise would challenge the delivery of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide as well as how acute exercise may actually enhance the delivery and release of oxygen at the tissues via an explanation of shifting of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, etc. Make sure to include information about hemoglobin and myoglobin structure and a full explanation of the sigmoidal shape of the dissociation curve (i.e. loading and unloading portions).

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Explain how acute exercise would challenge the delivery of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide as...

Explain how acute exercise would challenge the delivery of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide as well as how acute exercise may actually enhance the delivery and release of oxygen at the tissues via an explanation of shifting of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, etc. Make sure to include information about hemoglobin and myoglobin structure and a full explanation of the sigmoidal shape of the dissociation curve (i.e. loading and unloading portions).

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Explain how acute exercise would challenge the delivery of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide as...

Explain how acute exercise would challenge the delivery of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide as well as how acute exercise may actually enhance the delivery and release of oxygen at the tissues via an explanation of shifting of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, etc. Make sure to include information about hemoglobin and myoglobin structure and a full explanation of the sigmoidal shape of the dissociation curve (i.e. loading and unloading portions).

In: Anatomy and Physiology