A 45-year-old construction worker complained of excruciating intermittent pain in the kidney area, radiating across the abdomen and into the genital area. He also had chills, fever, and nausea. He noticed increased frequency of urination and moderate hematuria. A 24-hour urinalysis findings indicated crystalline substances in the sediment identified as calcium in nature and a urinary calcium level of 300 mg/day. X-ray findings indicated localized stones in the renal pelvis. The patient was encouraged to increase his water intake and slightly decrease his dietary calcium.

A. What is hematuria?

B. How do stones, or calculi, form?

C. Are stones formed from minerals or compounds other than calcium? If so, give examples.

D. List some ways kidney stones are removed.

For EMG measurement technique come up with something you could measure with EMG MEASUREMENT that could be meaningful and help people for some reason. Consider what challenges you may face and what you might expect to see. EMG MEASUREMENT ON weight LIFTINGtING OR FOR REHABLITAION

• What would you measure?
• Why would this help people?
• What kinds of challenges would you encounter?
• What would you expect to find?

1. A deficiency in what hormone could cause our immune system to weaken

2. What would be a major symptom if a person had a decrease in ADH production?

3. What part of the adrenal gland is controlled by the autonomic nervous system (a) and what part is controlled by the presence of other hormones (b)

a. ___________ b. _________

4. Describe the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Include in your answer descriptions of their similarities and differences, including functions, location, organization, and neurotransmitters.

Choose either the olfactory or taste system and describe its organization. What are the receptors? What nerve or nerves carry information to the CNS and where does it (or they) terminate? What areas of the thalamus and cortex are involved?

summarizes you understanding of the organization of the body from the simplest elements to the More complex

Explain why the neocortex is not able to function as an index by following the indexing theory, give 3 reasons (hint: hippocampus indexing theory is a better fit)

If NMDA receptors get knocked out of the hippocampus area, what will be the impact on both pattern completion and pattern separation according to the index theory?

Urea is one of our metabolic wastes and it’s small enough to get pushed under pressure through the glomerulus and get filtered and then excreted in the urine. Describe where and how urea gets into our blood in the first place (before getting into the kidneys).

Damage to the Supplementary Motor Area can impair a patient’s capacity for volitional movement.

a) Describe the conditions necessary to elicit evidence of such impairment?

b) What conditions typically do NOT impair voluntary movements in the same patient?

If a man had high levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, what might be the explanation?

A. he is missing his posterior pituitary gland

B. he will be releasing little FSH and LH into circulation as a result

C. he may be using an anabolic steroid drug

D. he may have recently undergone testes removal (castration)