Write 600 words about the jejunum, mention the 4 main layers that make up the tubular part of the GIT and highlight some of the key histological features that contribute to the function of the jejunum.

1. ist the 5 special senses and describe the difference between a special and a general sense receptor.
2. Remember, list and describe the functions of the Integumentary and muscle receptors.
3. Describe the locations, structures and functions of eyelids and associated accessory structures.
4. Describe the location, action and CN innervation of the extrinsic eye muscles. (Refer back to Chapter 11)
5. Describe the layers of the eyeball.
6. List the chambers of the eye and describe the fluids each contains.
7. Trace the path of light through the eye to the retina.
8. Describe the location, composition, and function of the lens.
9. Compare how rods and cones are connected to other retinal neurons.
10. Describe the events that convert light into a neural signal.
11. Describe the visual pathways to the brain.
12. Describe the location and structure of olfactory receptors.
13. Describe the location and structure of taste receptors.
14. Describe the pathway from gustatory receptors to the brain.
15. Describe how the sense of smell influences gustation.
16. Describe the structure and general functions of the outer, middle & inner ear.
17. Describe the location and functions of the cochlear apparatuses.
18. Describe how different areas of the vestibular membrane resonate in response to different frequencies of sound.
19. Describe how the Organ of Corti converts resonance of vestibular membrane to a neronal signal.
20. Describe pathway and processing of auditory impulses.
21. Describe how properties of sound are perceived by the brain.
22. Define “Equilibrium”, and list and describe the locations of the structures associated with the sense of equilibrium.
23. Identify the structures of maculae and describe their functions.
24. Describe the structure and function of cristae ampullares and semicircular canals.

22. Choose the correct sequence of action potential conduction along the conductive tissues of the heart:

       a. SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers → Bundle branches

       b. SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

       c. SA node → AV node → Bundle branches → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers

       d. SA node → AV node → Purkinje fibers → Bundle of His → Bundle branches

       e. AV node → SA node → Bundle of His → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

At what point along the vascular path (artery, arteriole, capillaries, venule, vein) is lymph most likely to collect and why?

Consider microcirculation and the selective deployment of blood to capillary beds. What about the anatomy of microcirculation makes this possible? How is this used to respond to external stresses (like temperature) and internal metabolic demands?

Answer all

8. As food travels through the digestive tract it will pass through a series of valves and sphincters IN ORDER

a. Lower esophageal spinster; pyloric specter; ileocecal valve; internal and external anal sphincters

b. ileocecal valve; pyloric sphincter; lower esophageal sphincter; internal and external anal sphincters

c. pyloric sphincter; lower esophageal sphincter; ileceal valve; internal and external anal sphincters

d. internal and external anal sphincters; pyloric sphincter; lower esophageal sphincter; ileoceal valve

14. the uvula and epiglottis are present in order to

a. propel food toward the esophagus and stomach during swallowing

b. prevent food from entering respiratory passages during swallowing

c. assist with mechanical digestion in the mouth during chewing

d. increase peristalsis in the esophagus during chewing

15. The primary function of the stomach is ___ made possible due to the presence of ___ a. absorption, villi

b. digestion, parietal cell secretiond

c. food storage, rugae

d. propulsion; smooth muscle

18. Lipid digestion requires the following steps IN ORDER

a. absorption, micelle formation; enzyme digestion, emulsification

b. emulsification; enzyme digestion; micelle formation; absorption

c. enzyme digestion, absorption; emulsification, micelle formation

d. micelle formation; enzyme digestion; emulsification; absorption

28. The binding of a hormone to an intracellular receptor ( inside the cell) would most likely

a. alter a g- protein couple receptor

b. alter a phosphorylation enzyme

c. after a second a messanger

d. alter DNA and start transcription

ISSA

Find a potential client (friend, family member, current training client, yourself) and initiate an initial assessment.

Have the client complete the appropriate questionnaires. Forms can be found in the “Initial Assessment and Triage Questionnaire” packet included with your course materials.

Design and fully describe your nutrition and coaching plan for the client including:

1. Your findings from collecting preliminary client information

2. Client level and the reason for choosing this level

3. Limiting factors

4. Outcome goals

5. Behavior goals

6. Which assessments you will record and why/how you will incorporate the results

7. Your recommended nutrition and supplement plan

8. What (if anything) your client will need to discuss with his or her physician

9. Referrals to your professional network (if needed)

10. Proposed appointment scheduling including:

a. Frequency

b. What you will discuss at each appointment

11. A plan of action if you observe a plateau

12. A plan of action if your client changes his or her goals

. it's a personal trainer and fitness assessment

1. chase is an athlete who weighs 90 kg. He should consume ________ g of protein daily.

Multiple Choice

• 85 to 110

• 95 to 115

• 78 to 140

• 108 to 180

2. In the United States, the diets of many school-age children do not supply enough ________.

Multiple Choice

• vanadium

• simple carbohydrates

• sodium

• fiber

3. ________ is a common condition that occurs in healthy pregnant women.

Multiple Choice

• Physiological anemia

• Preeclampsia

• Gestational diabetes

• Gestational hypertension

Why can steatorrhea be observed in patients with pancreatic insufficiency and patients with ileal resection (removal)? (compare their causes and consequences)

Describe two (2) mechanisms of hormonal action. Give the general hormone type that utilizes each mechanism

The liver has many functions. Many of those functions have been described in this chapter, though some have been mentioned in previous chapters. Describe at least 5 major functions of the liver.

What happens to the normal respiratory cycle during speech (or reading out loud)? Draw a sample of what such

a respiratory recording might look like.

A disease state results when homeostasis has been disrupted. Give a specific example of a disease state of the organ system you chose (integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous). What causes this disruption to homeostasis? How does the body resolve this disease?

1.Endometriosis tissue can implant in all of the following areas except the

A.ovaries

B.trachea

C.diaphragm

D.bladder

2.

Complications of endometriosis include which of the following?

3.

Which of the following is NOT a group of hormone medications used to treat endometriosis?

4.

A 26-year-old man presents himself to his urologist’s office complaining about testicular pain, which he described as a dull, achy sensation. The patient also said he has discomfort when he walks. The physician asked if he felt pain in both testicles, and the patient replied that only one testis hurt. The patient said his scrotum felt heavy and that when he was in the shower, he noticed a lump on the sore testicle. The physician examines the patient’s testicles and concludes that a suspicious mass is present. The patient was screened for STDs, and none was found. An ultrasound, blood work, and biopsy were ordered.

Based on the information given and the signs and symptoms, the physician is likely to suspect

testicular cancer

trichomoniasis

prostate cancer

5.

If apatient has testicular cancer, and it is found to be contained to the testicle, what stage is that cancer?

6.Which of the following is a chemotherapy agent that can be used to treat testicular cancer?