Describe the antagonistic effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions in the function of: salivary glands, gastric and intestinal glands, lung muscle, heart-arterioles, cardiac muscle, urinary bladder and sex organs.

Draw and label the action potential. Indicate steps 1-7 at each point of the Action Potential. Then tell me what happens at each point. Tell me why it is important to know the steps of the Action Potential and how it works, and what it does in the body.

Scenario:

River Rosewell is a professional rower who has just been accepted into the USA athlete in residence program at the Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs. He has been team rowing since the age of 11. He attended Harvard University on a rowing scholarship is now 21 years old. He has spent the last year after graduation (graduated with a BS degree in Business) pursuing his dream of making it on to the USA rowing team for the single skulls event (heavyweight).
The typical length of a single skulls race is 2 kilometers. He rowed a practice event at the same course he is going to open the season at and had an average (average of two race runs) of 7.01 minutes. This placed him 12th out a field of 30 international qualifiers. This was good enough to qualify him for the actual rowing event event held 12 weeks later.
Assume that the “actual” race will be carried out under very similar weather conditions.
He has worked with a personal trainer for the last year, working on improving his basic strength, strength endurance, power and mobility, and is ready for more “sport specific training” as he approaches skulling circuit.   

Listed below are some of his current anthropometric and performance based characteristics

Physical Characteristics
Height 6”2
Weight 195lb
% Body Fat 11%
1RM Back Squat 330lb
1RM Power clean 260lb
1RM Bench press 280lb
Deadlift 450lb
CMVJ height (hands on hips) 27.0 inches
Can perform 20 bodyweight pull ups
Rowing ergometer, based incremental Vo2max 59ml.kg.min

1. Highlight the key physiological (and some anthropometric) characteristics which would seem important if you wanted to be an elite rower. Please provide rationales for your choices.

2. Design the first 4 weeks (1-4) of his preparation for the rowing event concentrating upon his; Strength and Conditioning, sport specific balance and mobility. Please spell out; exercises used and why, sets, reps, rest periods and relative loads used and why. Pay close attention to the exercises you prescribe and their physiological suitability for the sport of rowing.

If you wanted to determine the tubular maximum for glucose reabsorption, and you could measure amount of glucose in serum and urine, how would you proceed?

Can you identify the: Vomer Innominate Calcaneus Talus Navicular Cuboid Cuneifrom 1-3 MT1-5

In pathologic conditions where the alveolar membrane is thickened there is little effect on the exchange of carbon dioxide, but oxygen diffusion is impaired. Based on your understanding of the respiratory membrane function, propose an explanation for this phenomenon.

(2pts) Why is alveolar ventilation rate a more important phyisological measure of respiratory function than total air moved into the respiratory passages?

71) Which describes best something that the Pathogens causing Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculi) Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) and Sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma cruzi) all have in common?

1. The immune system of a healthy patient can easily clear an infection of each
2. Each is capable of using gene switching to evade the immune system of even a healthy patient
3. None of these

72) B cells and T cells are both

1. Lymphocytes
2. B Leukocytes
3. Cells of the renal medulla for the kidney

73) B cells are screened for self reactivity in the

1. Thymus
2. Bursa Bone Marrow
3. Brain
4. Liver

74) T cells are screened for self reactivity in the

      A)Thymus

B) Bone Marrow

      C) Brain

D) Liver

75) Cytokines are_________

A) Molecules that control homeostasis

B) Molecules that control hormone levels

C) Molecules released by Leukocytes (Macrophages and Dendritic cells) to activate and attract Lymphocytes

D) None of these

76) Each Antigen contains multiple epitopes

1. True
2. False

77) Each B or T cell lymphocyte contains many copies of the same Antibody

A) True

B) False

78) Which portion of an Antibody binds the epitope

1. The constant region
2. The variable region
3. The transmembrane region
4. None of these

79) The basic structures of antibodies for B and T cells are different

1. True
2. False

80) Which type of lymphocyte secretes extracellular antibodies?

1. B cells
2. T cells
3. MHC 1              
4. D) Liver cells

Consider the normal path of an ovum as it leaves the ovary and enters the uterine tube.

If ovulation occurs at day 14 of a 28-day cycle, but a woman has conception on day 19 (so conception has occurred in the uterus), what do you think would be the likely series of events to follow?
Would implantation occur?
If it does, what might be the problems, or is it a normal implantation?
Can she have a "tubal" pregnancy?

Draw a concept map over the topic of Alzheimer's Disease. When you draw it, make sure to include Right ventricular hypertrophy in the center, then radiating out from that the 5 following categories:

1. Symptoms

2. Causes

3. Risks

4. Diagnoses

5. Treatments

Then from each of those categories put a few major factors, Then from each of those categories put 1 or 2 specific factors. Then try to connect items from different categories that are somehow related

Describe the reabsorption of filtered sodium and water in the major tubular segments.

In discussing oncology, we find that there are multiple possible types and sources of tumors. Name and discuss five environmental agents that may contribute to cancerous cell growth. How can patients limit their exposure to these agents you list?

In adddition to environmental agents, heredity may also be a factor. What specific types of tumors have been shown to have hereditary links? What might someone at risk do to limit his or her risk from hereditary sources?

There are multiple events that can initiate the release of HCl in the stomach. Two such events are the sight and smell of food. Choose the answer below that is NOT true of this particular phase of gastric acid secretion.  

There are multiple events that can initiate the release of HCl in the stomach. Two such events are the sight and smell of food. Choose the answer below that is NOT true of this particular phase of gastric acid secretion.