Question

Lower Limb

1.) For each joint (hip, knee, ankle), describe the actions that occur as a muscle passes over the joint (anterior vs. posterior / medial vs. lateral). Which muscles are the prime movers for each action?

2.) Which arteries and nerves travel together? Which compartment of the lower extremity is supplied by each nerve?

Answer 1

1)Hip joint:Flexion by psoas major and iliacus.Extension by gluteus maximus.Abduction by gluteus medius and minimus.Adduction by adductor longus,adductor brevis and adductor magnus.Medial rotation by anterior fibres of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus.Lateral rotation by piriformis,obturator externus,obturator internus and associated gemelli,quadratus femoris.

Knee joint:Flexion by semimembranous,semitendinosus,biceps femoris.Extension by quadriceps femoris.Medial rotation by semitendinosus,semimembranosus,popliteus.Lateral rotation by biceps femoris.

Ankle joint:Dorsiflexion by tibialis anterior.plantar flexion by gastrocnemius,soleus.

2)posterior tibial artery travel with tibial nerve.

Thigh:Front of thigh supplied by femoral nerve.medial side of thigh mainly supplied by obturator nerve.back of thigh supplied by sciatic nerve.

Leg:anterior compartment of leg supplied by deep peroneal nerve.lateral compartment of leg supplied by superficial peroneal nerve.back of leg supplied by tibial nerve.

Foot:sole of foot supplied by medial cutaneous branches of tibial nerve,cutaneous branches of medial and lateral plantar nerves.dorsum of foot supplied by superficial peroneal nerve,deep peroneal nerve,sural nerve,saphenous nerve.