1. At the peak of an action potential, the membrane potential of a human motor neuron reaches about +30mV. What value for “alpha”, the ratio of PNa/PK, allows this to occur. Use an online calculator/simulation to find a value for alpha that approximates what happens to reach this membrane potential, and write out the entire GHK equation (the version with just sodium and potassium) that can produce this membrane potential, including normal ion concentrations and temperature.

Please Avoid Plagiarism , Don't use handwriting. 250 word minimum discussion.

Choose any system of the human body and prepare a response to the following questions--> What body system do you have the best understanding of and why?

Correlate muscle physiology to normal body function.

Over the long-term (years), the physical changes to the heart and the reflexes may not be able to compensate for the aortic valve stenosis and the left ventricular cardiac output will decrease. This will lead to the accumulation of blood in the pulmonary circuit and in the system circuit veins. Describe what you predict would happen at the pulmonary capillaries and capillaries in the lower extremities in the systemic circuit. (Be sure to include all of the relevant variables for the capillaries and which ones are changed in this situation).

1. Divide the compartments of the body into 2 and then divide one of them into 2 more divisions (hint: ICF & ECF)

2. Where does our body water come from? And how does it leave?

In _______________________________________________________________

OUT ____________________________________________________________

3. Name 3 hormones important in the homeostasis of body sodium levels and describe what they do.

   1. __________________________________________________________

   2. ____________________________________________________________

   3. _____________________________________________________________

4. What is a buffer? _________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

5. Write the equation for carbonic acid, carbon dioxide and bicarbonate.

Does blood usually enter the nephron tubules of the kidney?

How does the decreased glomerular filtration rate relate to feling puffy and swollen?

How does the decreased glomerular filtration rate related to the decreased urine volume?

How does the different mechanism of pH maintenance at the cellular and blood level?

How do we regulate our osmolality of our blood and what would be the consequence of hyper and hypo osmolality?

To which parameter does the pulse pressure correlate – SSI or SRI? Explain.

What's the mechanism of endothelial injury

When we consume excessive carbohydrates and protein from diet, the body store them in the adipose tissue in the form of triglycerides. Explain the key steps in the metabolic pathways that lead to triglyceride formation from glucose and amino acids.

Whether or not we have administered color vision tests ti a specific vertebrate species, we are avle to speak about the number of colors that species can perceive. How?