Please answer the following questions. You should use between 200 to 300 words for each.

1.      What is the principle of complementarity? Giving one example from each the following 4 different organizational levels, cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems, show how you have understood the principle of complementarity in the human body.

2.      What is homeostasis? Explain how the whole body contributes to the homeostasis of body pH. Refer to all the body systems, if a body system is not involved you must say so.

3.      Using 4 examples from 4 different body systems showing how the disease is a disorder of homeostasis.

4.      Discuss the importance of directional terminology in the study of two organ systems.

5.       Discuss the concept of inside and outside the body using various body cavities and tubes as examples.

Please describe how other physiological systems play a role in production of reproductive output (2 examples other than endocrine and nervous system).

How would you explain the significance of the different ways the hypothalamus and pituitary control the endocrine system? Why is it necessary to have multiple steps?  What does this accomplish physiologically?  Which hormones are involved in each axis and why

Describe absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. What is the nature of the absorbed compounds (how do they differ from the starting materials), how are they absorbed and what is their destination?

Describe the structure and function of the layers of the small intestine.

bifid rib presentation made of 10-20 slides cover 3 cases as well as definition and function

SCIENTIFIC WRITING

• Covers all content in depth

content and I'll manage to put in slides

What is the mechanism of Tuberculosis?

How does Tuberculosis affect the body?

What is Tuberculosis?

• What is the difference between Homo erectus / Homo ergaster and Homo heidelbergensis in terms of brain case (the part of the skull containing the brain)?
• Do you see any variations about the teeth between Homo erectus / Homo ergaster and Homo heidelbergensis?
• How does Homo erectus / Homo ergaster differ from Homo heidelbergensis in facial terms, including the jaws (and jaw projection)?
• Homo heidelbergensis is a species that is considered to be an evolutionary step closer to us (humans) than Homo erectus/Homo ergaster was. Why do you think this is so?

(32) 1. There are four processes associated with the nephron in the kidney: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion, and water conservation.  

(12) a. Briefly describe the four process: Identify in which part of the nephron the processes occur. Briefly describe the material that is transferred in the processes. Identify the source and destination of the transferred materials.

3. Compare and contrast systems with a mechanical advantage greater than 1 and less than 1. What type of lever system always has a mechanical advantage <1?

4. What type of lever system is most common within the human body?   a. What does this mean regarding the relative amount of muscle force produced vs. the weight of the object?

Why is the rat a good model for the study of human anatomy and physiology? Are there any drawbacks to using the rat? If so, what?

Any ideas or pointers to how i could draw or "Trace" these pathways?

• Trace the sensory pathway from the receptors of the skin to the sensory area of the cerebrum.
• Trace the motor pathway from the motor area of the cerebrum to the muscles.
• Address the patient's concern: What is the anatomical foundation that explains why patients who have had strokes on the right side of the cerebrum have paralysis on the contralateral side of the body?

In Mediterranean countries, it is traditionally recommended to drink a glass of olive oil per day to stay healthy. Consider that olive oil is made of 100% of triglycerides. Among the fatty acids contained in these triglycerides, 70% are oleic acid (monounsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbons), 10% are linoleic acid (polyunsaturated fatty acid (2 unsaturations) with 18 carbons) and linolenic acid (polyunsaturated fatty acid (3 unsaturations) with 18 carbons), 10% are palmitic acid (saturated fatty acid with 16 carbons), and 10% are stearic acid (saturated fatty acid with 18 carbons).

B. Explain how these triglycerides are digested in the intestine.

C.Explain how these lipids are distributed to peripheral tissues (explain in detail how these lipids are transported from the intestine to the peripheral tissues (or extra-hepatic tissues) : how they are transported in the bloodstream and how they are distributed to the peripheral tissues)

D. Explain the different fates of these fatty acids in the post-prandial period in the following organs: a) skeletal muscles, b) adipose tissue and c) the brain. For each metabolic pathway involved, name the pathway, give the initial substrate(s) and the final product(s) and the ultimate goal of each pathway (please do not describe the whole pathway!). Then, describe the limiting step(s) of each pathway: give the substrate and the product of each limiting reaction and the name of the enzyme that catalyzes each limiting reaction. Finally, briefly explain how these pathways are regulated during the post-prandial period. (13.5 marks)