A patient has mild metabolic acidosis from a not-too-severe diabetic decompensation leading to keto-acidosis. The patient's pH is 7.49 with a bicarbonate = 16mM. What is the most likely explanation for these data?

a) this is compatible with a single acid-base

b)diabetic ketoacidosis, with appropriate respiratory compensation

c) solely from this data, you can determine that there is a simultaneous metabolic alkalosis

d) these numbers can be explained by a simultaneous respiratory alkalosis

e) the patient's respirations are probably about 7 per minute and shallow, with the smell of acetone

Identify the normal extracellular fluid (plasma) osmolarity and concentrations of prevalent ions and contrast these values with those for intracellular fluid, paragraph form please.

Question 1: Discuss the roles of oxygen and pH in dental caries, periodontitis and gingivitis.

Question 2: Should prophylactic antibiotic be given before deep cleaning of teeth? Discuss the pros and cons.

a. In the lub-dub sound of a heartbeat, the lub is louder. Why is this?

b. The descending aorta has three paired arteries and three unpaired arteries that flows away from with oxygenated blood to supply organs in the abdominal/thigh area. The inferior vena cava has three paired veins BUT NOT three unpaired veins flowing into it with deoxygenated blood. Where do the unpaired veins take blood to from the abdominal region and why?

. You are doing an internship in strength and conditioning and working with athletes on acceleration development from a 3-point stance. You read about a stick drill/acceleration ladder online that might be good to use with your athletes. According to the website, five-seven sticks (tape, cone, etc.) are placed in a ladder formation with the initial mark at a distance of 3 feet from the start line and the remaining “rungs” positioned with a progressive lengthening of 6 inches. The goal of the athlete is for foot placement to correspond with each rung as he or she is accelerating.

Will you adopt this drill? Fully explain why or why not.

With respect to functional anatomy, which of the following statements is false?

a) the volume of the conducting airways is about 150 ml

b) the volume of the lungs at the end of tidal expiration is about 2500 mls

c) the terminal bronchioles have alveoli in their walls

d) in the respiratory bronchioles, air moves in a laminar fashion

e) type I alveolar cells comprise most the alveolar epithelial membrane

The air we breathe is pretty dirty. It is loaded with dust, debris, viruses, and bacteria. Our respiratory system has many structures that filter/clean the air we inhale. Describe how some inhaled air is filtered/cleaned by the respiratory structures the air encounters.

Explain the structure and function of the respiratory membrane.

Describe the complete cardiac cycle and include which valves are closed at which time. What makes the heart sounds?

There are numerous examples of cell and tissue modifications that amplify the surface area of specific structures. For each of the following structures identify the modification and briefly describe how it increases surface area with respect to the structure listed. What is the functional significance of the specialization? Confine your answers to the boxes.

                                                                 The modification How does it increase functional                                

                                                                                                                                        surface area

1.What is targeted mutagenesis? Why do you think it is essential for structure and function analysis of a proteins? Outline the rationale and describe with two independent examples.

2.What have we learned from human genome? Why do you think more and more numbers of sequencing is essential to understand the variations as well as treating a disease? Provide explanation with examples

A healthy male presents with altered mental status and this was attributed to his [Na+ ] being 108 mEq/L. To return the patient to normal Na+ levels, how much of a 5 wt% NaCl solution must be administered? (Normal plasma Na+ concentration = 140 mEq/L; molecular weight of NaCl is 58; 5 wt% NaCl = 5g/100mL)

Total Body Water = 42L

Extracellular Fluid = 14L

Osmolarity = 300mOsmoles/L

Intracellular Fluid = 28L

Describe the general processes involved in hemodialysis therapy including the two concentration gradients that act independently between blood plasma & the dialysis fluid.

The three principles with regards to the sensory cortex (mechanisms of perception), with one of them being hierarchical organization. Using the somatosensory system as an example (specifically the exteroceptive part of that system),

--> State each level of the hierarchy with regards to this system, beginning with the one at the lowest level of the hierarchy to the final uppermost level. You must give the name at each level as it corresponds with this system. (Explain Thoroughly Please)

Describe & explain & discuss experiments / observations in humans and monkeys that demonstrate the role of the parietal lobe in attention and attention disorders