Question

Please answer the following questions. You should use between 200 to 300 words for each.

1.      What is the principle of complementarity? Giving one example from each the following 4 different organizational levels, cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems, show how you have understood the principle of complementarity in the human body.

2.      What is homeostasis? Explain how the whole body contributes to the homeostasis of body pH. Refer to all the body systems, if a body system is not involved you must say so.

3.      Using 4 examples from 4 different body systems showing how the disease is a disorder of homeostasis.

4.      Discuss the importance of directional terminology in the study of two organ systems.

5.       Discuss the concept of inside and outside the body using various body cavities and tubes as examples.

Answer 1

1).

The human body illustrate the “levels of organization.” Group of atoms (and subatomic particles) form a molecule, group of molecules form a macromolecule, group of macromolecules form an organelle, group of organelles form a cell, group of cells form a tissue, group of tissues form an organ, group of organs form an organ system, organ systems group to form an organism.

The principle of complementarity states that the functions of cells and cellular structures are directed by its shape or the number of subcellular structures. Examples are given below:

Cells - The structure of nerve cells allows the communication all along the body

Tissues - The structure of a skeletal muscle tissue allows the process of contraction

Organs - The structure of heart ensures its function of pumping blood throughout the body

Organ structures - The organs of respiratory system enable the process of respiration or gaseous exchange, while filtering the dust by cilia present in the upper respiratory tract.