Please put these terms in order of how a nervous system signal would travel in order to communicate with a muscle within the blood vessels of the skin.

Terms:

white ramus communicans, ventral root, ventral ramus, dorsal root, spinal nerve, gray ramus communicans, and sympathetic trunk

. Describe the sequence of events in the ovarian cycle, with reference the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase OVARIAN CYCLE: REMEMBER: DAY 1 is the FIRST day of woman’s period.

Stage Day (s) What are the hypothalamus and pituitary doing? What is happening in the ovary and what is it producing?

Follicular phase 1 

Ovulation

Luteal Phase

Craft a paragraph that describes assays of synaptic function in C. elegans. Below is a topic sentence for this paragraph. Finish this paragraph. Be sure to provide appropriate citations in the bibliographic format of your choosing.

Pharmacological based assays have been optimized to identify synaptic defects within mutant strains of C. elegans.

Which of the following may be a potential adverse effect as a result of a ventricular arrhythmia?

Question 38 options:

Jaundice is more likely to be present in anemia due to which of the following?

Question 32 options:

Which of the following statements is correct?

Question 14 options:

A patient with an ABO blood mismatch may have an increase in which of the following?

Question 29 options:

Describe the pathophysiology of acute inflammation induced by a viral infection. Suppose that the natural mechanism of acute inflammation was not successful in healing the tissue area damaged by the virus and necrotic patches developed in the lungs. Explain how inflammation could progress to necrosis.

Compare the auditory and visual projections from the sense organ to the cortex.

How are they similar?

How are they different?

Include information about the sense organs and cranial nerves, the number of relays in the brain and where they are located, and where they terminate in the cortex.

Do both systems have modularity? Explain.

Give 2 examples of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis methods which are currently use in clinics.DEfine methods and present advantages and disadvantages of methods in detail

Explain how flow through a blood vessel is determined. Explain what a “pressure difference” is and why it matters to flow. Define resistance and explain how resistance affects flow. List and discuss the 3 factors which influence the resistance through vessels. For each factor explain the mechanism by which it affects resistance. Which one of these 3 as the largest impact on resistance? Explain why it has the largest impact on flow. Which one of these 3 can readily be adjusted by the body?

Explain in detail the mechanisms of fluid exchange between capillaries and the interstitium. Then, define edema, and use cause-and-effect arguments, explain how each of the following conditions cause edema. Be sure to explain the underlying mechanism causing the edema.

• Lymphatic filariasis (elephanaiasis) and parasitic infection with a type of nematode.

• Surgical removal of lymphatic collecting vessels and lymph nodes. For example in cancer treatment.

• Pregnancy. Specically: gestational edema due to the pressure of uterus on the IVC and common iliac veins.

• Inflammation (histamine, cytokines)

• Liver failure (could be due to any of the following: hepatitis, cirrhosis, cancer)

• Renal disease (specifically glomerular nephritis) • Renal failure (complete failure)

• Heart failure (specifically: weakened right ventricle)

• Heart Failure (specifically: weakened left ventricle)

Discuss venous retrun. Be sure: to define venous return and explain the importance of venous return to cardiac output. What determines venous return? Discuss each way that venous return. Discuss each separately and make clear how each helps deterimine venous return.

4. What products from the liver and pancreas in the cat are secreted into the duodenum? What macromolecules are digested in the small intestine?

Which of the breathing patterns would you expect to have the following results? Circle the appropriate answer.

- Increased systemic artery P_CO2

Hypernea/ Hyperventilation/ Hypoventilation     

- Decreased systemic artery P_CO2

Hypernea/ Hyperventilation/ Hypoventilation

- Increased systemic artery pH

Hypernea/ Hyperventilation/ Hypoventilation

- Decreased systemic artery pH

Hypernea/ Hyperventilation/ Hypoventilation

- Increased systemic artery P_O2

Hypernea/ Hyperventilation/ Hypoventilation

- Decreased systemic artery P_O2

Hypernea/ Hyperventilation/ Hypoventilation

One of the outcomes of the case of Thalidomide in the U.S. was that pregnant women and women of reproductive age became a new population for regulatory and public scrutiny. In at least 200 words consider some of the possible repercussions of this regulatory/public scrutiny for this population. In your response, address the following questions: How does understanding that drugs can cross the placental barrier and act as teratogens potentially lead to blame for pregnant women or women of reproductive age? What kind of social and or moral implications could potentially come along with the scrutiny of this population?

1. What role did the gastrointestinal system play in altering the osmolarity of the plasma for the varying beverage tonicities (hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic)? Compare and contrast the differences in gastric fluid osmolarity, plasma osmolarity, and plasma volume between the subjects ingesting a hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic beverage. Recall that the body maintains plasma osmolarity between 280mOsm and 300mOsm.