human physiology

Describe the pathway that sperm travel during ejaculation, beginning in the testes and ending at the penis. Then name and describe the function of the accessory glands involved in the process.

Human Physiology

Describe the 28-day ovarian cycle (follicle phase & luteal phase), beginning with the development of primary follicles and ending with degeneration of the corpus luteum. Include in your description the role of granulosa cells, theca cells, and the zona pellucida.

Describe in detail how dementia affects the anatomy and physiology of memory in the brain.

Compare the cause and effects of Cushing’s syndrome and Addison’s disease.

Describe the relationship between parathyroid hormone (PTH) and blood calcium. Include the three (3) systems PTH targets to alter blood calcium and explain the effects of inappropriate PTH secretion (too much PTH and too little PTH).

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Please put these terms in order of how a nervous system signal would travel in order to communicate with a muscle within the blood vessels of the skin.

Terms:

white ramus communicans, ventral root, ventral ramus, dorsal root, spinal nerve, gray ramus communicans, and sympathetic trunk

. Describe the sequence of events in the ovarian cycle, with reference the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase OVARIAN CYCLE: REMEMBER: DAY 1 is the FIRST day of woman’s period.

Stage Day (s) What are the hypothalamus and pituitary doing? What is happening in the ovary and what is it producing?

Follicular phase 1 

Ovulation

Luteal Phase

Craft a paragraph that describes assays of synaptic function in C. elegans. Below is a topic sentence for this paragraph. Finish this paragraph. Be sure to provide appropriate citations in the bibliographic format of your choosing.

Pharmacological based assays have been optimized to identify synaptic defects within mutant strains of C. elegans.

Which of the following may be a potential adverse effect as a result of a ventricular arrhythmia?

Question 38 options:

Jaundice is more likely to be present in anemia due to which of the following?

Question 32 options:

Which of the following statements is correct?

Question 14 options:

A patient with an ABO blood mismatch may have an increase in which of the following?

Question 29 options:

Describe the pathophysiology of acute inflammation induced by a viral infection. Suppose that the natural mechanism of acute inflammation was not successful in healing the tissue area damaged by the virus and necrotic patches developed in the lungs. Explain how inflammation could progress to necrosis.

Compare the auditory and visual projections from the sense organ to the cortex.

How are they similar?

How are they different?

Include information about the sense organs and cranial nerves, the number of relays in the brain and where they are located, and where they terminate in the cortex.

Do both systems have modularity? Explain.

Give 2 examples of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis methods which are currently use in clinics.DEfine methods and present advantages and disadvantages of methods in detail

Explain how flow through a blood vessel is determined. Explain what a “pressure difference” is and why it matters to flow. Define resistance and explain how resistance affects flow. List and discuss the 3 factors which influence the resistance through vessels. For each factor explain the mechanism by which it affects resistance. Which one of these 3 as the largest impact on resistance? Explain why it has the largest impact on flow. Which one of these 3 can readily be adjusted by the body?

Explain in detail the mechanisms of fluid exchange between capillaries and the interstitium. Then, define edema, and use cause-and-effect arguments, explain how each of the following conditions cause edema. Be sure to explain the underlying mechanism causing the edema.

• Lymphatic filariasis (elephanaiasis) and parasitic infection with a type of nematode.

• Surgical removal of lymphatic collecting vessels and lymph nodes. For example in cancer treatment.

• Pregnancy. Specically: gestational edema due to the pressure of uterus on the IVC and common iliac veins.

• Inflammation (histamine, cytokines)

• Liver failure (could be due to any of the following: hepatitis, cirrhosis, cancer)

• Renal disease (specifically glomerular nephritis) • Renal failure (complete failure)

• Heart failure (specifically: weakened right ventricle)

• Heart Failure (specifically: weakened left ventricle)