1. What do the pre-fixes hyper -, hypo- and iso- mean specifically with respect to homeostatically controlled varibales in the extracellular fluid.

2. Hyper-:

   Hypo-:

   Iso-:

   Choose one electrolyte of the extracellular fluid that is homeostatically controlled and explain what the consequences are of not being able to maintain isotonic values (you can use flow diagrams).

Describe the importance of the renin-Ang II-aldosterone system. Identify the effects of Ang II. Identify the effects of aldosterone and its mechanism of action.

You have a patient with an aggressive tumor that needs treatment right away, but to determine the correct treatment you need to discover the cause of the cancer. You have two hypotheses to consider. (1) The tumor is caused by a viral oncogene consisting of an active viral gene fused with the coding region of the DVL1 gene (the human homolog of the Drosophila Dsh gene). (2) The tumor cells have two loss of function point mutations that alter the structure of the BRCA1 protein product and render the protein nonfunctional. Each type of tumor responds well to only one specific treatment.

a. What test or tests would you do to determine which is the correct cause of this tumor?

b. What results would you expect from your test or tests for each?

c. Explain to the patient (who is not a scientist) how these results have helped you decide which treatment to use.  

.Discuss conduction of an impulse along a polarized nerve and transmission from and integrative neuron to a muscle fiber.

Explain the process of pulmonary ventilation. How do normal inspiration and expiration occur? Use the term volume and pressure changes that occur and how they occur in your discussion.

Describe how ventilation is regulated by six different neural (sensory and autorhythmic), chemical, and higher brain (conscious/emotional) inputs. Explain the responses to and the results of each of these regulatory signals.

Describe the major activities during each phase of GI function: Cephalic/Oral, Gastric, Intestinal (Small and Large Intestines). Trace the passage of food in order through each section of the anatomical regions.

discuss how parathyroid hormone (PTH) maintains normal blood calcium ion concentration?

Please talk about what occurs to attain a fever. What is your body responding to? How can a fever be beneficial? How can it be treated?

Some urine has been formed by kidney nephrons. Follow that urine through the remaining kidney and urinary system structrures. Describe how urine is stored, and how micturition occurs.

Choose 3 cranial nerves. Tell me if they are sensory, motor or mixed, their number, their location, and their function in detail. Tell me why you chose the 3 cranial nerves you did and why you think they are unique or important or interesting to you. Type one-one 1/2 pages-double spaced.

How does vasomotor tone differ from vagal tone; how does each one influence MAP?