A. Discuss the differences between a flu epidemic and pandemic. B. Explain what is meant by a gain of function study and discuss the controversy surrounding these studies. C. Current treatment for flu consists of antivirals. Discuss the evidence that we should also be developing therapeutics that treat the disease.

1. Mesalamine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID), sometimes used for symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. This type of medication also poses a risk to the GI tract. What is that risk and why does it occur?

1) How and why is exercise beneficial for the human body?

2) How can exercise prevent diseases?

1. Explain the renin - angiotensin- aldosterone system (RAAS). Be sure to describe the role of each organ, hormone, and enzyme involved, as well as elaborate on why such a system is necessary even though the kidney is able to regulate glomerular filtration rate through vasoconstriction and vasodilation of the afferent and efferent arterioles.

2). This man has a long history of infectious bronchitis. Why would this chronic smoker be especially susceptible to infections of the bronchi?

3). Explain why this man has bloody sputum (hemoptysis).

4). More than 90% of all cancers (any type: skin, breast, esophageal, lung, etc.) arise from epithelial tissue. Why do you suppose this is the case?

5). if there is an increase in systemic blood pressure, the kidneys respond by causing:

Explain how to flow through a blood vessel is determined. Explain what a “pressure difference” is and why it matters to flow. Define resistance and explain how resistance affects flow. List and discuss the 3 factors which influence the resistance through vessels. For each factor explain the mechanism by which it affects the resistance. Which one of these 3 as the largest impact on resistance? Explain why it has the largest impact on flow. Which one of these 3 can readily be adjusted by the body?

Define resting membrane potential and action potential (1 point). Why is the resting membrane potential negative and close to the K+ equilibrium potential when cells are at rest, and then positive and closer to the equilibrium potential of Na+ when activated (4 points).

You have been asked to design a resistance training program for an experienced weight lifter who is training for maximal power. Briefly explain the importance of repetition velocity in power development

Design a one-week corrective exercise program for a friend or client. Your program must include the following:

1. Have your client fill out the Lower Extremity Functional Index and the Upper Extremity Functional Index. Summarize what the results tell you about your client (you do not need to submit the filled out forms).
2. Conduct an Upper Body Multi-Joint Movement Assessment and a Lower Body Multi-Joint Movement Assessment on your client. Summarize your findings and how these findings influenced your program design.
3. A detailed one-week corrective exercise program including specific exercises/drills/stretches, sets, and repetitions.
4. A comprehensive analysis of your program outlining how your prescriptions meet the needs of the client...?

At low [blood glucose], what is your prediction about transport of glucose into adipose cells and braincells? Explain your rationale.

At high [blood glucose], what is your prediction about transport of glucose into adipose cells and brain cells? Explain your rationale.

An increase in action potential frequency of a motor neuron would result in which of the following (select all that apply):

A) Increased Ca²⁺ in the sarcoplasm.

B) Increased influx of Ca²⁺ ions.

C) Increased muscle fiber contraction.

D) Decreased activity of AChE.

E) Decreased release of ACh.

Based on the ion concentrations provided in the table below, which of the following would result in an EPSP? Select all that apply.

A) Sodium channels open

B) Potassium channels open

C) Chloride channels open

D) Calcium channels open

How can it be determined if an apparently normal dog is carrying a gene for deafness?

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a defect of amino acid metabolism inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Untreated children are usually severely mentally retarded. If two phenotypically normal parents have a PKU child, what are the genotypes and phenotypes of their children and in what portions?

Cystic fibrosis, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, involves a defect of glycoprotein metabolism. Phenotypically normal parents had two children, one normal, one with cystic fibrosis. Write the probable genotypes for the parents

In man, hemophilia (failure of the blood to clot normally) is inherited as an X-Linked recessive trait. A woman has one hemophiliac son. Write the genotypes for the women, her son, her normal husband, and other children the women might have.