What are the three major fluid compartments?

Please answer the questions in detail regarding the Digestive System:

1) Caloric content is useful information but there are many other variables that are important in choosing a healthy diet. One of them (for carbohydrates) is glycemic index. What is the glycemic index of a food and how can the data you collect be misleading without considering it?

2) When carbohydrates (or any food) molecules are absorbed rapidly what happens to them?

Compare replication strategies of parvoviruses with those of papillomaviruses?

1. What step is unique in endocrine system communication compared to the synapse?

2. What is the major benefit to an animal of a nervous system instead of merely an endocrine system?

3. How is the pancreas both an endocrine and an exocrine gland?

Indicate the signals that trigger the release of thyroid hormone and epinephrine.
4. Release of T4:
5. Release of Adrenalin:

Debate the concept: “Food fads can be dangerous, and the concept of junk foods is overstated!” State your pros and cons. What do you lean towards?

Topic: Anemia

Definition/Description:

Causes:

Risk Factors:

Symptoms:

Complications:

Prevention:

Treatment

Health Topic:     Diabetes

Definition/Description:

Causes:

Risk Factors:

Symptoms:

Complications:

Prevention:

Treatment:

Humans are bipedal, terrestrial omnivores. As a species, we are adapted to a range of habitats, from deserts to mountains and from rain forests to tundra. Ultimately, however, we are descended from early hominids who evolved in African plains, and our body systems reflect this. Determine how the osmoregulatory and excretory systems of a human might be adapted if they had evolved to live in an aquatic freshwater environment.

Consider the following:

• What would be required to maintain water and salt balances, and how the osmoregulatory and excretory systems would have to change to compensate? You are encouraged to look up other (non-human; can be non-mammalian) animals that share these habitats for ideas.
• What if humans had evolved and were adapted to live in very specific habitats? In other words, it would still look *basically* like a human but would have some important differences related to its circulatory and/or breathing systems.
• What would these systems of a human that adapted to a different environment look like, and why would it look like this?
• You should consider the following parts and functions of the osmoregulatory and excretory system in your answer: Kidney – size, activity, Bladder - size, Water retention, Nitrogenous waste type (ammonia, urea, uric acid), Anything else you think is important to osmoregulatory and excretory systems.

Describe the anatomy and physiology of any respiratory disease you have encountered or heard about. What happened in the organs? How did these affect the dynamics of airflow and gas exchange (ventilation and internal respiration)?

Alcoholic quizz

Can you please select A, B, C OR D in the following multiple choice question. Thank you so much .

When are alcohol commercials mostly televised? Why

Most alcohol commercials are televised during the afternoon, and to females because it is promoted as an escape to a lonely lifestyle

Most alcohol commercials are televised during prime time news hours (4pm-7pm), and to males because men drink the most alcohol after work

Most alcohol commercials are televised during the evening and to females because femininity is highly correlated with alcohol consumption

Most alcohol commercials are televised during sports events, and to males because masculinity is highly correlated with alcohol consumption

2: Frank drank a beverage that was 80 proof. What is the percentage of alcohol in his drink?

20% alcohol

40% alcohol

50% alcohol

80% alcohol

3: Which beverage would intoxicate a person more: a liquor drink containing 50% alcohol or a drink of 80-proof liquor?

A drink that is 50% alcohol

A drink that is 80-proof liquor

They contain the same amount of alcohol

It depends on the brand of alcohol

4: What happens when a person drinks more alcohol per hour than s/he can metabolize?

BAC increases and then drops when the person switches to a lower proof drink

BAC increases and then mental and physical functioning becomes affected

BAC increases until the person vomits

BAC increases until the person drinks caffeine to stimulate the brain

5: How does body weight affect alcohol absorption?

A person who is larger, taller, and has more lean muscle tissue needs more alcohol to reach intoxication

A person who is larger, taller, and has more lean muscle tissue needs less alcohol to reach intoxication

Body weight is not a factor regarding the amount of alcohol consumed

Body weight is only a factor when comparing men to women

6; Food in the stomach affects alcohol absorption when eaten:

Before drinking

During drinking

After drinking

All of the above

a & b

b & c

7: What are some consequences of mixing alcohol with energy drinks?    

Signs of intoxication can be exacerbated

Caffeine may delay the normal onset of sleepiness, increasing the amount of time a person would normally stay awake and drink

They reduce the subjectivite feeling of drunkness without actually reducing alcohol-related impairment

All of the above

b & c

Energy drinks have little effect on a person when mixed with alcohol

8: What is hepatic encephalopathy?

Hepatic encephalopathy is a condition in the brain that causes a range of problems, such as sleep disturbances, mood and personality changes, anxiety, depression, shortened attention span, coma and even death

Hepatic encephalopathy is a condition in the liver that results in a build up of toxins and acute internal infection. Symptoms include pain, blood in the urine and stools, fever, chills, and sweating.

Hepatic encephalopathy is a condition in the lungs that causes fluid accumulation, making it very difficult to breathe. Shortness of breath, feelings of claustrophobia and fatigue are common symptoms

Hepatic encephalopathy is a condition in the stomach that interferes with the production of stomach bile, making it very difficult to digest food. Common symptoms include bloating, gastrointestinal pain, and diarrhea or constipation.

9: How can alcohol affect the lungs?

Alcohol can increase the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, making it difficult to breathe. The only treatment is a lifetime reliance on supplemental oxygen

Alcohol can slow down the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, resulting in the build up f lactic acid in the body

Alcohol can exacerbate the risk of lung cancer, especially if the drinker also uses tobacco or marijuana

Alcohol can exacerbate the risk of acute lung injury following major trauma, such as a serious motor vehicle accident, gunshot, or other event requiring hospitalization, or the spread of bacteria attributed to infection

10: What is cardiomyopathy?

Cardiomyopathy is a form of a heart attack. Blood and oxygen do not reach the heart or lungs causing a person to die quickly

Cardiomyopathy is a weakened heart that cannot contract effectively to sufficiently nourish the organs. The blood flow shortage causes severe damage to organs and tissue

Cardiomyopathy is a damaged heart valve that is unable to regulate blood flow within the body. The blood flow shortage causes severe damage to organs and tissue

Cardiomyopathy is a form of cancer that severely weakens and eventually kills the heart.

Word Building

Build the following terms using word parts.

• 1. pus in the uterus:

  word part for pus	________________________
  word part for uterus	________________________
  term for pus in the uterus	________________________

• 2. near the ovary:

  word part for near	________________________
  word part for ovary	________________________
  term for near the ovary	________________________

• 3. pertaining to the urinary and reproductive systems:

  word part for urinary	________________________
  word part for reproductive system	________________________
  word part for pertaining to	________________________
  term for pertaining to the urinary and reproductive systems	________________________

• 4. capable of stimulating milk production:

  word part for milk	________________________
  word part for producing	________________________
  word part for pertaining to	________________________
  term for capable of stimulating milk production	________________________

• 5. surgical removal of the uterus:

  word part for uterus	________________________
  word part for surgical removal	________________________
  term for surgical removal of the uterus	________________________

Describe the steps of skeletal muscle contraction. Be as detailed as possible

Eli McMillan, a 48-year man, is talking to his doctor about the symptoms he is experiencing. He states that when he goes for his morning jog, his legs feel weak and tired. He is having problems with simple tasks that require manual dexterity such as writing or unlocking doors. Upon examination, the doctor observes some atrophy of the muscles of Eli's legs, forum, and hands. He also notes that Eli is having a slight problem with his speech.

Questions:

1. What disorder do think Eli might be developing?

2. Why might Eli be experiencing muscle weakness and atrophy?

3. What is the cause of this condition?

4. What is the prognosis for an individual with this condition?

Prepare a list of the hormonal abnormalities and describe how hormones can affect the growth of bones, both in children and in adults.

For the questions below determine the EXTENT (%) and DEPTH(◦) of the burn

1. Burns covering the RIGHT anterior and posterior arm and forearm and 1/2 of the anterior abdominal wall and genitalia—burn penetrates only the epidermis.

2. Burns covering entire surface of BOTH lower limb and RIGHT upper limb—burn has reached the muscle.

3. Burns covering entire LEFT anterior and posterior region of the abdomen and thorax as well as the entire RIGHT upper limb.