How do transpiration and photosynthetic rates affect crop productivity. (18 marks) b. Describe how plants absorb...

How do transpiration and photosynthetic rates affect crop productivity.

b. Describe how plants absorb water from the soil.

Expert Solution

a. Photosynthesis involves the reduction of CO2 to carbohydrate using assimilatory energy (ATP and NADPH) captured from the sun light.
6CO2 + 12 H2O -------> C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2
CO2 and H2O are the substrates for photosyntehsis.
Photosynthesis is responsible for the biomass production in plants.
The photosynthetic rate is directly proportional to the crop productivity.

Transpiration refers to the loss of water in the form of water vapor through stomata.
It is essential for the ascent of sap through xylem.
However, excess transpiration leads to wilting of the plant.

The stomata allow loss of water via transpiration. At the same time, they also allow the netry of CO2 into the leaf. So, the transpiration rate is regulated in such a way that photosynthesis is optimized.
The transpiration rate is inversely proportional to the crop productivity.

b. The maturation zone of root contains unicellular root hairs that increase the absorption surface area. Root hairs active uptake mineral ions to generate a hypertonic condition. Water from the soil solution enters root hairs cells by passive diffusion. Water continues to enter root hair cells as long as the cytoplasm of the root hair cell is hypertonic to the soil solution.
The absorbed water creates positive hydrostatic pressure that pushes water upwards through the root. This positive hydrostatic pressure is known as root pressure. It is smaller in magnitude and can only account for xylem transport in small herbs.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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